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北極の降水量の将来の増加は,局所的な蒸発と海氷の退却に関連しています
1Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Utrechtseweg 297, 3731GA, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
Nature
|May 9, 2014
まとめ
北極の温暖化と海氷の減少によって引き起こされる局所的な蒸発により,北極の降水量は著しく増加し,水分輸送だけではない. この増幅された北極の水循環は,世界の海面と気候に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 水文学 水文学とは
- 北極研究 アークティック研究
背景:
- 北極の降水量は2100年までに50%以上増加すると予測されています.
- 以前の属性は,極に向かっての水分輸送に焦点を当てていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 予測される北極の降雨の増加の主な要因を調査する.
- 局所蒸発と水分流入の役割を定量化する.
- 降雨の変化を北極の温暖化と海氷の減少と結びつける.
主な方法:
- 最先端のグローバル気候モデルを利用した.
- 21世紀における予想される降水量の変化を分析した.
- 蒸発と水分輸送の季節的変動を調べました.
主要な成果:
- 予想される北極の降雨の増加は,主に,特に冬に,局所的な地表蒸発の強化によって引き起こされます.
- 低緯度からの増強された水分流入は,夏末/秋にピークに達し,より小さな役割を果たします.
- 蒸発の増加は,冬の海氷の退却と関連しており,北極の水循環が拡大していることを示している.
- 北極の平均降雨感度は,世界平均 (1.6-1.9%/K) よりも (4.5%/°C) 大きく高い.
結論:
- 北極の降雨の増加は,北極の温暖化と海氷の減少と密接に関連しています.
- 拡大された北極の水循環は,河川の排水,氷床の降雪,そして地球温暖化に重大な影響を及ぼします.
- 潜在的な影響には,北極海の新鮮化や,大西洋南極逆転循環の変化が含まれます.
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