発展途上国における所得格差
1Department of Economics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, and National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
まとめ
開発途上国における所得格差は,世界の全体的な削減にもかかわらず,ゆっくりと上昇しています. 高い不平等は,収入が上昇しても,貧困削減と経済成長を妨げています.
科学分野:
- 開発経済学 開発経済学
- 世界経済トレンド グローバル経済トレンド
- 社会経済指標 社会経済指標
背景:
- 世界の所得格差は過去30年間で減少しており,これは主に各国間の格差の減少によるものです.
- しかし,微妙な見方は,開発途上国における所得格差がゆっくりと,しかし着実に増加していることを明らかにします.
- この傾向は2000年以来比較的安定している.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における所得格差の動向を分析する.
- 経済成長,所得格差,貧困削減の関係を検証する.
- 高い不平等が将来の開発展望に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 30年間の所得格差に関する新しいデータの分析.
- 開発途上国間の不平等の傾向と開発途上国内の不平等の傾向の比較研究.
- 収入の成長,貧困発生率,不平等のレベルとの相関の統計的検討.
主要な成果:
- 世界の不平等は減少しているが,開発途上国における平均所得の不平等は徐々に増加している.
- 経済成長は,一般的に絶対的貧困を減少させていますが,格差が大きい国々では,その効果は低下しています.
- 富裕層と貧困層の所得格差の拡大は,成長する経済において顕著である.
結論:
- 世界の所得格差が減少しているにも関わらず,開発途上国における国内格差は懸念を招いている.
- 高いレベルの所得格差は,経済成長を阻害し,貧困削減の進展を遅らせる可能性があります.
- 国内所得の不平等に対処することは,開発途上国の持続可能な開発と貧困緩和に不可欠です.
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