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Inequalities01:28

Inequalities

434
Inequalities express mathematical relationships where two values are not equal and are compared using symbols such as <, >, ≤, or ≥. These expressions define a range of possible solutions rather than a single value. Interval notation provides a concise way to express these solution sets, especially when the variable spans a continuous range. An open interval, written as (a, b), excludes the endpoints, while a closed interval [a, b] includes them. There are also half-open...
434
Skewness01:06

Skewness

14.9K
The measures of central tendency calculated from a data set may not reveal much about its intrinsic distribution. If a plot is made of the data set’s values, the mean and the median may not only differ, but also the plot may have more values on one side of the central tendencies. Such a data set is said to be skewed towards that side.
The longer the tail of the plot on one side, the more skewed it is. The skewness of a data set’s values suggests that the measures of central tendency...
14.9K
Introduction to Nonlinear Inequalities01:25

Introduction to Nonlinear Inequalities

326
Linear and nonlinear inequalities are fundamental for analyzing variable relationships and identifying ranges satisfying specific conditions. A linear inequality involves variables raised only to the first power, resulting in a straight-line graph. This line partitions the coordinate plane into two distinct regions: one that satisfies the inequality and one that does not. Each region represents a set of solutions where the linear relationship holds true under the specified constraint.Nonlinear...
326
Application of Nonlinear Inequalities01:29

Application of Nonlinear Inequalities

357
A nonlinear inequality describes a comparison involving an expression that curves or behaves more complexly than a straight line. These inequalities often appear in forms that include squares, products, or variables in the denominator.To solve such an inequality, one starts by rewriting it so that zero appears on one side. For example, the inequality:  can be factored as: This form makes it easier to identify the values that cause the expression to equal zero. In this case, the...
357
Solving Inequalities Graphically01:24

Solving Inequalities Graphically

399
Solving inequalities graphically involves using a visual approach to determine where a mathematical expression meets a specific condition, such as being greater than or less than another value. By examining the position of a graph relative to the x-axis or another graph, it becomes possible to identify the range of x-values that satisfy the inequality. This method provides an intuitive understanding of solution intervals by showing where the inequality holds true.Graphical solutions to...
399
Close Relationships and Culture01:29

Close Relationships and Culture

382
Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...
382

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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: December 1, 2023

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発展途上国における所得格差

Martin Ravallion1

  • 1Department of Economics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, and National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 24, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

開発途上国における所得格差は,世界の全体的な削減にもかかわらず,ゆっくりと上昇しています. 高い不平等は,収入が上昇しても,貧困削減と経済成長を妨げています.

科学分野:

  • 開発経済学 開発経済学
  • 世界経済トレンド グローバル経済トレンド
  • 社会経済指標 社会経済指標

背景:

  • 世界の所得格差は過去30年間で減少しており,これは主に各国間の格差の減少によるものです.
  • しかし,微妙な見方は,開発途上国における所得格差がゆっくりと,しかし着実に増加していることを明らかにします.
  • この傾向は2000年以来比較的安定している.

研究 の 目的:

  • 開発途上国における所得格差の動向を分析する.
  • 経済成長,所得格差,貧困削減の関係を検証する.
  • 高い不平等が将来の開発展望に与える影響を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 30年間の所得格差に関する新しいデータの分析.
  • 開発途上国間の不平等の傾向と開発途上国内の不平等の傾向の比較研究.
  • 収入の成長,貧困発生率,不平等のレベルとの相関の統計的検討.

主要な成果:

  • 世界の不平等は減少しているが,開発途上国における平均所得の不平等は徐々に増加している.
  • 経済成長は,一般的に絶対的貧困を減少させていますが,格差が大きい国々では,その効果は低下しています.

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  • 富裕層と貧困層の所得格差の拡大は,成長する経済において顕著である.
  • 結論:

    • 世界の所得格差が減少しているにも関わらず,開発途上国における国内格差は懸念を招いている.
    • 高いレベルの所得格差は,経済成長を阻害し,貧困削減の進展を遅らせる可能性があります.
    • 国内所得の不平等に対処することは,開発途上国の持続可能な開発と貧困緩和に不可欠です.