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古代のDNAは,象鳥とキウイが姉妹分類であることを明らかにし,ラタイト鳥の進化を明らかにしています
Kieren J Mitchell1, Bastien Llamas1, Julien Soubrier1
1Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, South Australia 5005, Australia.
まとめ
マダガスカの象鳥は,ではなく,ニュージーランドのキウィと驚くほど密接に関連しています. この発見は,大陸の分裂ではなく,飛翔による分散を示唆し,ラタイト鳥の進化を形にした.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- ラタイト鳥の進化は,ゴンドワナの解体に関連したヴァカリアントの種化によってしばしば説明されます.
- アフリカとマダガスカルの初期の孤立は,鳥と象鳥が最も古い系統を代表することを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- マダガスカルゾウ鳥 (Aepyornithidae) の系統的位置を調査する.
- 陸生類の進化について大陸のヴァカリアンス仮説を検証する.
主な方法:
- ミトコンドリアゲノム配列解析は,2つの象鳥の標本で行われました.
- 進化的関係を決定するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 象鳥はニュージーランドキウイの最も近い親類である.
- 象鳥は鳥と遠い親戚であり,基礎系統の仮定に異議を唱える.
- 結果は,大陸のバイカリアンスと矛盾し,飛んだ分散を支持しています.
結論:
- 飛翔による散布は,主要なラチットの系統の進化において重要な役割を果たした.
- 巨大化と飛行不可能な状態への収束は,恐竜後の草食ニッチの影響を受けたのかもしれない.
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