労働市場は,ジャマイカの幼少期の刺激介入に戻っています
Paul Gertler1, James Heckman2, Rodrigo Pinto3
1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA. gertler@haas.berkeley.edu.
まとめ
ジャマイカの成長阻害の幼児に対する幼少期の心理社会的刺激は,長期的な収入を25%大幅に増加させた. この介入は,実質的な経済的利益を示し,不発症の同級生との所得格差を縮めた.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
背景:
- 発展途上国における幼児期介入の長期的な経済的利益に関する証拠は限られている.
- 過去の研究では,米国の幼稚園プログラムが有意義な経済的利益をもたらすことを強調しています.
- 幼児期の発育阻害は,開発途上国において蔓延する問題であり,長期的な結果に影響を及ぼします.
研究 の 目的:
- ジャマイカの成長阻害の幼児に対する心理社会的刺激介入の長期的な経済的影響を評価する.
- 幼児期の介入が,低所得国の文脈で実質的な収入の改善をもたらすことができるかどうかを判断する.
- 早期介入を受ける発育不全児の収入におけるキャッチアップの可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 成長障害のあるジャマイカの幼児に対する心理的刺激を含むランダム化制御試験 (1986-1987).
- 介入には,2年間にわたって毎週家庭訪問が含まれており,育児スキルと認知/社会情緒的発達に焦点を当てました.
- フォローアップインタビューは20年後に介入参加者および非発育不全の比較グループで行われました.
主要な成果:
- この介入により,参加者の収入が25%増加しました.
- 介入参加者の収入は,不発症の比較群の収入に追いついた.
- この調査結果は,早期の心理社会的刺激から,有意かつ長期的な経済的利益が得られることを示している.
結論:
- 早期の心理社会的刺激介入は,開発途上国の子どもたちの長期的な経済的成果を向上させるのに効果的です.
- 幼児期の発達プログラムへの投資は,幼児期の育児障害に関連する経済的不利益を軽減することができます.
- この研究は,資源の限られた環境における早期介入プログラムの経済的実行可能性の有力な証拠を提供します.
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