HIV感染:流行病学,病原性,治療,予防

Gary Maartens¹, Connie Celum², Sharon R Lewin³

¹Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Lancet (London, England)

|June 9, 2014

まとめ

HIV治療の進歩により,寿命が延び,エイズによる死亡が減少しています. 男性の割礼や暴露前予防などの新しい予防戦略は,公衆衛生と疫病の制御に不可欠です.

科学分野:

公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
感染症感染症は感染症です.
免疫学免疫学とは

背景:

抗レトロウイルス療法 (ART) による長寿の増加により,世界的なHIV感染率は上昇しています.
新しいHIV感染とエイズ関連の死亡は減少しているが,依然として大きな課題が残っている.
潜伏感染と免疫活性化を含むHIVの病原性を理解することは極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

HIV/AIDSの流行病学と治療における現在の動向を要約する.
HIV予防戦略における重要な進歩を強調する.
潜在的な治療法と改善された患者のアウトカムのための継続的な研究の重要性を強調するために.

主な方法:

2002年から2012年にかけての世界のHIV/エイズ統計のレビュー.
抗レトロウイルス治療 (ART) が患者の長寿と死亡率に与える影響の分析.
HIVの病原化と予防介入に関する研究成果の統合.

主要な成果:

抗レトロウイルス治療は,HIV感染者の寿命を延ばし,罹患率の増加に貢献しています.
新しい感染とエイズ関連の死亡の有意な減少が観察されています.
重要な予防の突破は,男性の医学的割礼,母から子への感染を防ぐための介入,および暴露前予防です.

結論:

ARTと予防の継続的な進歩は,HIV流行の管理に不可欠です.
潜在的感染貯蔵庫と免疫活性化に関するさらなる研究は,治療につながる可能性があります.
ワクチンや微生物殺菌剤などの新しい予防方法の開発は,引き続き優先事項です.

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