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関連する概念動画

Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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RNAポリメラーゼと"コア認識要素"の相互作用は,一時停止を相殺する.

Irina O Vvedenskaya1, Hanif Vahedian-Movahed2, Jeremy G Bird3

  • 1Department of Genetics and Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,RNAポリメラーゼが転写中に一時停止する特定のDNA配列を特定しました. これらの発見は,コア認識要素との相互作用がRNAポリメラーゼがこれらの一時停止を克服し,遺伝子の発現を確実にすることをどのように助けるかを明らかにします.

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A Murine Cell Line Based Model of Chronic CDK9 Inhibition to Study Widespread Non-Genetic Transcriptional Elongation Defects TEdeff in Cancers
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • トランスクリプションの延長は,基本的な生物学的プロセスです.
  • 特定のDNA配列は,RNAポリメラーゼ (RNAP) の活動を停止させ,転写停止につながる可能性があります.
  • 停止メカニズムを理解することは,遺伝子発現の調節に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • Escherichia coli.で全ゲノムにわたる転写停止を誘発する配列要素を特定する.
  • RNAP-コア認識要素 (CRE) 相互作用が,一時停止の調節における役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • トランスクリプションの全ゲノム分析のためにネイティブ延長トランスクリプトシーケンシング (NET-seq) を利用しました.
  • 変種であるメロディプロイドNET-seq (mNET-seq) を用いて,変異したRNAP誘導体を研究した.
  • Escherichia coli.における体内転写停止を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • コンセンサスパウスを誘発するシーケンス要素を特定しました: G−10Y−1G(+1).
  • RNAP-CREの相互作用は,開始を安定させることが知られているが,延伸の過程でも発生することを示した.
  • これらの相互作用がRNAPをポストトランスロケーション状態で安定させ,パウズ・リーディングを容易にすることを示した.

結論:

  • 転写停止の重要な配列決定因子が特定されました.
  • RNAP-CREの相互作用は,転写停止と読み通しの調節に重要な役割を果たします.
  • この研究は,細菌における転写延長の調節に関する洞察を提供します.