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マインドリーディングの文化的進化
Cecilia M Heyes1, Chris D Frith2
1All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK. cecilia.heyes@all-souls.ox.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 21, 2014
まとめ
マインドリーディングは,印刷物を読むように,サインを理解することを含み,同様の発達パターンを持っています. 乳児は自動的に心の読解能力を備えているが,明示的な心の読解能力は,文化的学習と指導を通じて発達する.
科学分野:
- 認知神経科学とは
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 言語学 言語学とは
背景:
- マインド・リーディング,または他者の精神状態を推論することは,印刷物の読書と機能的な類似性を共有しています.
- 両方のスキルは,特定の脳領域に依存し,遺伝的影響を示し,文化的多様性を示しています.
- マインドリーディング能力の発達軌跡に関して,矛盾する証拠が存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- マインドリーディングの発達に関する矛盾する発見を解決するために.
- 自動思考と明示的な思考を区別する二重プロセスモデルを提案する.
- 社会認知における先天的なメカニズムと文化的学習の相互作用を解明する.
主な方法:
- マインドリーディングと識字能力の発達に関する既存の文献の比較分析.
- 精神状態の推論に関与する認知プロセスの理論モデリング.
- 幼児の社会認知能力と非識字人口に関する研究のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 幼児は"自動的"または"暗黙的"思考読解のための先天的な神経認知機構を有し,正確な行動予測を可能にします.
- "明示的な"思考読解は,識字に似ているが,教育を通して習得される文化的に伝達されたスキルである.
- 思考読解における発達上の差異は,明確な,文化的に学んだ能力の成熟を反映しています.
結論:
- マインド・リーディングは単体ではなく,自動的および明示的なコンポーネントの両方を含む.
- 自動思考読書は,進化した,生まれつきの能力であり,明示的な思考読書は,学習した,文化的スキルです.
- この二重プロセスの枠組みは,対立する発達上の発見を調和させ,社会的学習の役割を強調しています.
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