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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

3.9K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.9K
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

3.7K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
3.7K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

2.7K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
2.7K
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

8.3K
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such...
8.3K
Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles03:12

Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles

24.5K
Chemical stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
24.5K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

10.8K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
10.8K

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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

26.6K

ナトリウムアミドを使用してアンモニアから水素の生産.

William I F David1, Joshua W Makepeace, Samantha K Callear

  • 1ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,豊富なナトリウムアミド (NaNH2) とナトリウム金属 (Na) を使用した新しいアンモニア (NH3) クラッキングプロセスを導入します. この触媒のない方法は,高いNH3分解効率を達成し,持続可能なエネルギー貯蔵ソリューションを提供します.

さらに関連する動画

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

3.4K

関連する実験動画

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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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科学分野:

  • カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 化学工学化学工学とは

背景:

  • アンモニア (NH3) のクラッキングは,水素の生産とエネルギー貯蔵に不可欠です.
  • 伝統的な方法は,希少金属または移行金属触媒に依存しており,コストと利用可能性の課題を提起しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • アンモニアのクラッキングのための新しい,触媒のないプロセスを開発する.
  • 効率的なNH3分解のために,アミドナトリウム (NaNH2) と金属ナトリウム (Na) の使用を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 温度変数フローリアクターを用いてアンモニアの分解を調査した.
  • Na.を介してNaNH2の同時ステキオメトリック分解と再生サイクルを使用しました.
  • サポートされたニッケルとルテニウム触媒に対する性能の比較.

主要な成果:

  • Na/NaNH2システムは,NiとRuの触媒と比較して優れた性能を示した.
  • 530°Cで0.5gのNaNH2と60scmのNH3の流れで99.2%のアンモニア分解効率を達成しました.
  • 反応メカニズムは,従来の表面触媒と大きく異なる.

結論:

  • ナトリウムアミドベースのアンモニアクラッキングは,活力のある,触媒のない代替手段を提供します.
  • 豊富で安価なNaNH2は,持続可能なエネルギー貯蔵のためのNH3の利用を促進することができます.
  • このアプローチは,NH3分解の反応メカニズムに重大な偏差を示しています.