神経病的な痛みと線維筋痛に対する抗薬
Andrew Moore1, Philip Wiffen1, Eija Kalso2
1Pain Research and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
JAMA
|July 10, 2014
まとめ
ガバペンチンやプレガバリンなどの抗薬は,糖尿病性神経症やポスターペティック神経痛などの神経疾患の痛みの緩和に適度な痛みを軽減します. これらの状態や線維筋痛の治療における他の抗薬の証拠は限られている.
科学分野:
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- 神経学 神経学とは
- 疼痛管理 疼痛管理
背景:
- 神経病性疼痛と線維筋痛は慢性疾患であり,治療の需要が十分に満たされていない.
- 抗薬 (AED) は,痛みの管理のために,Off-labelとしてますます使用されています.
- 特定の疼痛状態におけるAEDの有効性の証拠は,体系的な評価を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経病的な痛みや線維筋痛症の患者における抗薬と痛みの強度の低下との関連性を評価する.
- 特定の疼痛症候群に対するAEDの有効性に関する現在の証拠を統合する.
主な方法:
- ランダム化比較試験の体系的なレビューとメタ解析.
- AED (ガバペンチン,プレガバリン,その他) とプラセボの比較.
- 主なアウトカムとして有意義な痛みの軽減の評価.
主要な成果:
- ガバペンチンとプレガバリンは,プラセボと比較して,糖尿病性ニューロパシーとポスターペティック神経痛の有意義な疼痛軽減のわずかな増加を示しました.
- プレガバリンは,プラセボと比較して,線維筋痛の有意義な疼痛軽減のわずかな増加を示しました.
- これらの疼痛状態における他のAEDの有効性については,十分な証拠は存在しません.
結論:
- ガバペンチンとプレガバリンは,特定の神経疾患の疼痛状態と線維筋痛症において,控えめな利点と関連しています.
- 現時点の証拠は,これらの症候群の他のAEDの使用を支持していません.
- 疼痛管理におけるAEDの役割を明確にするためにさらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
1.3K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
1.3K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers
2.3K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
2.3K
Analgesia and Pain Management
3.3K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
3.3K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
1.5K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.5K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers
1.7K
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
1.7K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
1.0K
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
1.0K


