昆虫を食べる鳥の減少は,高濃度のネオニコチノイドと関連している

Caspar A Hallmann¹, Ruud P B Foppen², Chris A M van Turnhout³

¹1] Radboud University, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Departments of Experimental Plant Ecology & Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, PO Box 9100 (Mail Box 31), 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Nature

|July 18, 2014

まとめ

ネオニコチノイド殺虫剤イミダクロプリドは,昆虫を食べる鳥に悪影響を及ぼします. 水中のイミダクロプリド濃度の上昇は,鳥の個体数の大幅な減少と相関し,特に導入後です.

科学分野:

環境毒性学環境毒性学
鳥の生態学鳥の生態学とは
昆虫剤の影響評価について

背景:

イミダクロプリドのようなネオニコチノイド殺虫剤は,世界中で広く使用されています.
脊椎動物は繁殖期に昆虫を食べる鳥にとって重要な食物源である.
これまでの研究は,ネオニコチノイドが非標的無脊椎動物の種に害を及ぼすことを示している.

研究の目的:

イミダクロプリドがオランダの昆虫食鳥群に及ぼす影響を調査する.
表面水中のイミダクロプリド濃度が,鳥の集団動向と相関するかどうかを判断する.
イミダクロプリドの導入が鳥類集団に及ぼす長期的な影響を評価する.

主な方法:

表面水中のイミダクロプリド濃度の空間分析.
イミダクロプリド濃度と地元の鳥の集団動向の相関分析.
鳥の個体数に影響を与える土地利用の変化に関する統計的修正.

主要な成果:

イミダクロプリド濃度と鳥の集団動向との間に有意な負の相関が発見されました.
鳥の個体数は,イミダクロプリド濃度>20ng/Lで年間平均3.5%減少しました.
観察された人口減少は,1990年代半ばにイミダクロプリドの導入と一致し,土地利用の変化を制御した後も持続しました.

結論:

イミダクロプリドは,直接的な無脊椎動物への毒性を超えて,昆虫を食べる鳥類の個体群に重大な脅威をもたらす.
この発見は,ネオニコチノイドの使用による潜在的なカスケード生態系効果を強調しています.
将来の環境政策は,ネオニコチノイドのより広範な生態学的影響を考慮する必要があります.

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