トランスジェンダー女性,セックスワーカーにおけるHIVリスクと予防的介入
Tonia Poteat1, Andrea L Wirtz2, Anita Radix3
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 26, 2014
まとめ
トランスジェンダーの女性セックスワーカー (TSW) は,ユニークな脆弱性のために高いHIVリスクに直面しています. 行動介入と生物医学介入の組み合わせは,この集団におけるHIV発生率を減らすために有望であることが示されています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 社会科学と行動科学とは
背景:
- トランスジェンダーの女性セックスワーカー (TSW) は,世界の他のセックスワーカー集団と比較して,不釣り合いの高いHIV感染率を経験しています.
- 独特の構造的,人際的,個人的脆弱性は,TSWの間でHIVリスクの上昇に寄与しています.
- 既存のHIV予防の介入は,TSWのニーズに特に焦点を当てていない.
研究 の 目的:
- TSWにおけるHIVに関する疫学研究の見直しをすること.
- 様々なHIV予防の介入が,TSWにおけるHIV発生率の減少に与える潜在的な影響をモデル化すること.
- 予防サービスを拡大し,TSWにおけるHIVリスクのアップストリームドライバーに対処するための効果的な戦略を特定する.
主な方法:
- TSWにおけるHIVに関する疫学研究の体系的レビュー.
- ペルーのリマとアメリカのサンフランシスコでHIV予防の介入をシミュレートするための決定的モデルの開発.
- 6カ国のケーススタディを分析し,文脈特有の課題を理解しました.
主要な成果:
- 控えめな行動変化と限られた生物医学的な介入を含む介入の組み合わせは,HIV感染率を大幅に減らす可能性を実証しました.
- TSWに合わせた予防サービスの拡大は,非常に有効である可能性が高い.
- さまざまな環境における文脈特有の課題は,個別の介入の開発と実施を必要とします.
結論:
- 持続的な介入は,HIVリスクのアップストリーム決定要因に対処し,TSWを効果的に達成するために不可欠です.
- TSWに対するHIVサービスと政策を改善するために,包括的な研究アジェンダが必要である.
- TSWの複雑なニーズに対処するには,HIVの予防とケアに対する統合的なアプローチが必要です.
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