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関連する概念動画

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

8.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Translation01:31

Translation

133.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

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Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research

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ミトコンドリアトランスレーションのマイクロマネジメント

Jessica Nouws1, Gerald S Shadel2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06437, USA.

Cell
|August 2, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

マイクロRNAは,哺乳類のミトコンドリアの遺伝子発現を調節する. 特定のマイクロRNAは,筋肉細胞の分化中にミトコンドリアDNAでコードされたメッセンジャーRNA翻訳を活性化し,新しい調節経路を明らかにします.

さらに関連する動画

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research
09:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research

Published on: June 7, 2024

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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
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科学分野:

  • ミトコンドリア生物学 ミトコンドリア生物学
  • 遺伝子調節 遺伝子調節
  • 分子細胞生物学 分子細胞生物学

背景:

  • マイクロRNA (miRNA) は,遺伝子発現の重要な調節因子である.
  • ミトコンドリアの遺伝子発現は,細胞のエネルギー生産に不可欠です.
  • ミトコンドリアには独自のゲノム (mtDNA) とタンパク質合成機構があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 哺乳類のミトコンドリア内の遺伝子発現を調節する miRNA の役割を調査する.
  • 細胞の分化中にミトコンドリアの遺伝子調節に関与する特定のmiRNAを特定する.
  • miRNAがミトコンドリアの成分と相互作用して遺伝子発現を制御するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • 筋肉細胞の分化過程におけるmiRNAの局所化を研究する.
  • ミトコンドリア内のArgonaute 2 (Ago2) とのmiRNA相互作用を分析する.
  • ミトコンドリアDNA (mtDNA) にコードされたメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の翻訳に対するmiRNAの影響を評価する.

主要な成果:

  • 特定のmiRNAは,筋肉細胞の分化中にミトコンドリア内の局所化を増加させることが判明しました.
  • このmiRNAはミトコンドリア内のAgo2と相互作用することが観察されました.
  • この相互作用は,mtDNAでコードされたmRNAsの翻訳を選択的に活性化させた.

結論:

  • 哺乳類のミトコンドリアにおけるミRNAによる遺伝子発現の調節のための新しい経路が特定されました.
  • この調節経路は,ミトコンドリア内のmiRNA-Ago2相互作用を含む.
  • この発見は,ミトコンドリアの遺伝子発現を操作するための潜在的な戦略を提供します.