ATRは,機械的なストレスの反応として核封筒のチェックポイントを媒介します
Amit Kumar1, Michele Mazzanti2, Martin Mistrik3
1Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
Cell
|August 2, 2014
まとめ
ATRタンパク質は,核包膜の機械的ストレスに反応し,染色体の完全性を維持するのに役立ちます. この機械的反応は,物理的なストレスの下で細胞の生存に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ATR (アタクシア・テランジエクタジアおよびRad3関連) タンパク質キナーゼは,DNA損傷反応とゲノム安定性にとって極めて重要です.
- 以前の研究では,酵母Mec1/ATRがDNA複製中に核包膜からクロマチンの脱離を促進し,トポロジカルな問題を防ぐことが示されました.
- ATRの役割は,DNA損傷とは無関係に,機械的な力に反応する上で,ほとんど未調査のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- ATRの活動が核包膜の機械的ストレスによって影響されているかどうかを調査する.
- ATRの機械反応の生理学的関連性と特徴を決定する.
- 機械的ストレスに対するATR欠乏の影響を解明する.
主な方法:
- 免疫光顕微鏡で,ヒトの細胞におけるATRの局所化を視覚化します.
- 細胞にオスモティックストレスと機械的なストレッチを適用する.
- ワイルド型およびATR欠陥細胞における細胞サイクル進行と核包膜の整合性の分析.
主要な成果:
- 人間のATRはS相とプロフェーゼの間,核膜に局所する.
- オスモティックストレスと機械的なストレッチは,ATRを細胞サイクル全体で核膜に移動させる.
- ATRの機械的反応は可逆であり,生理的な力によって発生し,DNA損傷シグナル伝達とは独立しています.
- ATR欠乏細胞は,異常なクロマチンの凝縮と核包膜の分解を示します.
結論:
- ATRキナーゼは核膜のメカノセンサとして作用する.
- 機械的な力がATRを活性化し,核膜の可塑性とクロマチン結合を調節する.
- このATR媒介反応は,細胞が染色体ダイナミクスや核膜のトルションによる機械的ストレスに適応するのを助けます.
関連する概念動画
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
2.9K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
2.9K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
1.5K
1.5K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
8.5K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
8.5K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle
2.3K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
2.3K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
2.2K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.2K
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions
3.1K
The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
3.1K


