油の生物分解. 油中の水滴は,微生物の生命のための微生息地です
Rainer U Meckenstock1, Frederick von Netzer2, Christine Stumpp2
1Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. rainer.meckenstock@uni-due.de.
まとめ
ピッチ湖の小さな水滴に微生物が潜んでいる.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 石油科学 石油科学とは
背景:
- 炭化水素の生物分解は通常,油と水の移行地帯で起こります.
- 油田の質は,無酸素微生物の分解によって影響を受けます.
- トリニダード・トバゴのピッチ湖は,世界最大のアスファルト湖です.
研究 の 目的:
- 油に閉じ込められた水滴内の微生物の活動と炭化水素の生物分解を調査する.
- これらのユニークな環境における微生物のコミュニティとその代謝過程を特徴づける.
- 石油の生物分解の可能性を,従来の石油と水の移行地帯の外で評価する.
主な方法:
- 個々のドロップレット微生物群のパイロタグ配列化.
- 核磁共振 (NMR) とフーリエ変換イオンサイクロトロン共振質量スペクトロメトリ (FT-ICR-MS) を用いて,代謝物質の分析を行う.
- 水の塩分と安定した同位体の分析.
主要な成果:
- 代謝的に活発で複雑なメタノジェニックの微生物群が,微小な水滴 (1×3マイクロリットル) で発見されました.
- これらのコミュニティは石油を様々な種類の代謝産物へと積極的に分解した.
- 高塩分と水に安定した同位体は,水滴の深い地下起源を示唆しています.
結論:
- 炭化水素の微生物による分解は,石油に閉じ込められた水滴の内部で起こりうるので,石油と水の移行地帯でのみではありません.
- これらの滴の高水分と大きな表面積は,石油の生物分解の有意で過小評価された可能性を代表しています.
- これらの発見は,油田の質と地下微生物のプロセスを理解するための意味を持つ.
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