窒素サイクリング. バクテリアの窒素酸化物呼吸の最終製品を規制する環境制御
Beate Kraft1, Halina E Tegetmeyer2, Ritin Sharma3
1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
まとめ
微生物コミュニティは,窒素の利用可能性や炭素と窒素の比率などの環境要因に基づいて,脱窒素化 (ガス放出) とアンモニー化 (栄養素のリサイクル) を選択します. この研究は,重要な窒素循環のフィードバックループを明確にします.
科学分野:
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
- 環境微生物学 環境微生物学
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学
背景:
- 微生物の窒素呼吸は窒素循環の中心であり,窒素の利用可能性に影響を与えます.
- 2つの主要なプロセスである脱窒化 (窒素ガスの放出) とアンモニー化 (アンモニアの生産) は,窒素を争う.
- これらのプロセスの環境制御を理解することは,生態系の機能と管理に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋の微生物コミュニティが脱窒化またはアンモニー化を行うかどうかを決定する環境要因を調査する.
- この2つの窒素呼吸経路の間の競争を制御する微生物の生態生理学を解明する.
主な方法:
- 海洋微生物の窒素吸入コミュニティの長期のインキュベーションを利用した.
- 窒素変換を追跡するために,安定した同位体ラベルを使用した.
- 微生物コミュニティの組成と機能を分析するために応用メタゲノミクス.
主要な成果:
- 微生物の生成時間,窒素と窒素の供給比,炭素と窒素の比を重要な環境制御として特定しました.
- これらの要因が脱窒化とアンモニー化経路の選択を左右することを示した.
- 異なる環境条件に対する特定の微生物の生態生理学的反応を明らかにした.
結論:
- この研究は,窒素循環における重要な生地化学的フィードバックループの基礎となる微生物の生態生理学を定義しています.
- この発見は,地球規模の変化,ユートロフィケーション,そして排水処理プロセスを理解する上で重要な意味を持つ.
- 環境条件は,窒素の損失と海洋微生物による栄養素のリサイクルとのバランスを正確に調節します.
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