タンパク質の競争は,COP9の機能を自己更新から差別化に切り替える

Lei Pan¹, Su Wang², Tinglin Lu³

¹1] Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA [2] Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, 15 Da Tun Road, Beijing 100101, China [3].

Nature

|August 15, 2014

まとめ

幹細胞の微分化は,タンパク質の競争によって制御される. 差別化因子BamはCOP9複合体を制御する.

科学分野:

発達生物学発達生物学とは
幹細胞生物学幹細胞生物学
分子機構の仕組みについて

背景:

幹細胞の自己再生と分化バランスが発達に不可欠である.
内在的要因とニッチ・シグナルが,このバランスを調節する.
このスイッチを制御する正確なメカニズムは不明である.

研究の目的:

ドロソフィラ・メラロノガスター (Drosophila melanogaster) の生殖系幹細胞 (GSCs) で,自己再生と微分化のバランスがどのように制御されているかを調査する.
このプロセスにおけるCOP9複合体と差別化因子Bamの役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

使用されたドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの卵巣GSC.
遺伝子分析を用いた.
研究されたタンパク質の競争メカニズム.

主要な成果:

GSCの自己更新には,COP9コンプレックスが本質的に必要である.
差別化因子Bamは,タンパク質の競争を通じてCOP9複合体の機能を制御する.
BAMはCsn4を隔離し,COP9複合体の自己再生機能を無効化し,分化を促進する.

結論:

新しいタンパク質競争に基づくメカニズムは,幹細胞の自己再生から分化スイッチを調節する.
このメカニズムには,分化因子BamとCOP9複合体が含まれています.
タンパク質の競争は,様々なシステムにおける幹細胞の運命を制御する広範なメカニズムである可能性があります.

さらに関連する動画

10:37

Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays

Published on: October 8, 2015

9.7K

12:44

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

Published on: November 11, 2014

12.8K

関連する概念動画

01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

3.1K

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...

3.1K

02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.9K

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

9.9K

02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.4K

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

5.4K

01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

2.5K

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...

2.5K

01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.8K

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

2.8K

01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.9K

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.