哺乳類の育児の生物学とその子孫の社会的発達への影響
James K Rilling1, Larry J Young2
1Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 16, 2014
まとめ
親の動機は,ホルモンや神経の変化により,出生後に劇的に変化します. エストロゲン,プロゲステロン,プロラクチン,オキシトシンなどのホルモンは,ドーパミンとともに,哺乳類の育児行動と結合を促します.
科学分野:
- 神経生物学 神経生物学とは
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 発達心理学の心理学について
背景:
- 子育ては,哺乳類の親の行動を大きく変化させます.
- 赤ちゃんの刺激に対する嫌悪から,出生後の刺激への魅力へのシフトが起こります.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類における親の動機への移行の基礎となる生物学的メカニズムを見直す.
- 親の介護に関わる神経生物学的経路を探求する.
主な方法:
- 哺乳類の親の行動に関する既存の研究の文献レビュー.
- 親の動機づけに影響を与えるホルモンおよび神経機構の分析.
主要な成果:
- エストロゲンとプロゲステロンは子宮の準備と胎盤の発達において重要な役割を果たします.
- プロラクチンとオキシトシンは,乳の産出と放出を調節し,出産を開始します.
- これらのホルモンは,ドーパミンと相互作用し,養育,結合,保護のための神経経路を活性化します.
結論:
- ホルモンシグナル伝達と神経活性化は,哺乳類の親の動機付けを確立するために重要です.
- 育児経験は,幼児の社会的脳の発達に影響を与えます.
- 親の行動の原則とその影響は,ネズミから人間まで,種全体にわたって保存されています.
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