水道工学 水道工学. 統合された都市水管理を通じて下水道腐食を減らす
Ilje Pikaar1, Keshab R Sharma1, Shihu Hu1
1The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 16, 2014
まとめ
都市の下水道システムは,硫化物による高価なコンクリートの腐食に直面しています. 飲料水に含まれるアルミニウム硫酸塩は,硫化物の主要な供給源であり,硫酸塩のない凝固剤をコスト削減の解決策として示唆している.
科学分野:
- 環境工学環境工学とは
- 都市インフラの管理 都市インフラの管理
- 腐食科学 腐食科学とは
背景:
- 下水道システムは重要な都市インフラですが,硫化物によるコンクリートの腐食は,年間数十億ドルのコストを伴う重要な世界的な問題です.
- この悪化は,不可欠な排水管理システムの完全性と長寿を脅かしています.
研究 の 目的:
- コンクリートの下水道腐食に寄与する硫化物の主要な源を特定する.
- 現在の都市水管理慣行が下水道インフラに及ぼす経済的影響を評価する.
- 硫化物による腐食を軽減するための費用対効果の高い解決策を提案する.
主な方法:
- オーストラリアのクイーンズランド州南東部で2年間のサンプリングキャンペーンを実施しました.
- オーストラリア全土で広範な業界調査を実施しました.
- 硫化物源を特定するために,包括的なモデルベースのシナリオ分析を使用しました.
主要な成果:
- 飲料水生産中のアルミニウム硫酸塩の添加は,下水中の硫酸塩負荷に大きな寄与するものとして特定されました.
- このプロセスは間接的に硫化物の主要な源として機能し,下水道に重大な腐食をもたらします.
- この研究では,この都市水管理の実践が問題への貢献を定量化しました.
結論:
- 飲料水生産にアルミニウム硫酸塩を使用する意図しない結果は,下水道腐食を悪化させる.
- 硫酸塩フリー凝固剤への切り替えは,硫化物生成を防ぐために,実行可能で費用対効果の高い解決策を提供します.
- 硫酸塩のない代替品の導入は,下水道インフラの修理と保守コストの大幅な節約につながる可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
01:24Microbial Corrosion
88
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
88
01:27Corrosion of Reinforcement
746
The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
746
02:49Corrosion
21.7K
The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
21.7K
01:25Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium
95
Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
95
01:19Acid Mine Drainage
108
Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten...
108
01:27Microbial Leaching
218
Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
218