動物における比較集団ゲノミクスは,遺伝的多様性の決定因子を明らかにします
J Romiguier1, P Gayral2, M Ballenghien3
11] UMR 5554, Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, University Montpellier 2, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France [2] Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nature
|August 21, 2014
まとめ
歴史ではなく,種の生態学的戦略が,遺伝的多様性を予測する. 寿命が長く,生育能力が低い種は遺伝的多様性が少なく,保全活動に影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- 人口遺伝学 人口遺伝学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 保護科学 保護科学 保護科学
背景:
- 遺伝的多様性は,種の健康,家畜化,管理,保全に不可欠である.
- 種間の遺伝的多様性における変動の決定因子は,ほとんど不明のままである.
- 種生物学,生態学,人口史の相互作用は複雑である.
研究 の 目的:
- 複数の動物種における全ゲノムにわたる遺伝的多様性を調査する.
- 種内の遺伝的多様性のレベルを予測する重要な要因を特定する.
- 遺伝子多様性に対する生命史戦略の影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- モデルではない76種の動物のトランスクリプトームの配列決定.
- 種ごとに複数の個体からDNA配列を検査することによって,ゲノム全体の多様性を分析する.
- 遺伝的多様性を種の特徴,生態学的戦略,生命の歴史パターンと関連付けること.
主要な成果:
- 遺伝的多様性は予測可能であり,主に生態学的戦略によって決定される.
- 種の地理的分布と侵襲的な状態は,遺伝的多様性に大きな影響を与えない.
- 繁殖能力のある長生き,低生殖率の種は,短命で高生殖率の種と比較して,遺伝的多様性が低いことを示した.
結論:
- 長期的な生命史戦略は,種の遺伝的多様性を著しく形作る.
- エコロジカル・ストラテジーは,人口史よりも,遺伝的多様性の予測力が高い.
- 発見は,多様な種に対する効果的な保全政策の開発に直接的な影響を及ぼします.
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