西南極の氷床の下にある微生物の生態系
Brent C Christner1, John C Priscu2, Amanda M Achberger1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
Nature
|August 22, 2014
まとめ
微生物の生態系は,南極の亜氷河湖で繁栄し,地球規模の生地化学的サイクルに影響を与えます. これらの化学合成環境には,多様な細菌と古生物が住み,海洋システムに影響を与えています.
科学分野:
- ゲオミクロバイオロジー
- 南極のリムノロジーは,
背景:
- 南極の氷床の下の亜氷河水生環境は,ますますユニークな微生物の生態系として認識されています.
- これらの生態系は,地球規模の生地化学的変化において重要な役割を果たす可能性がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 亜氷河湖ウィラン (SLW) の最初の地質生物学的な記述を提供すること.
- 氷河下の南極湖の微生物生命と生地化学を特徴づけるために.
主な方法:
- 亜氷河湖ウィランスの水と堆積物の直接サンプル採取.
- 溶解物源 (氷の融解,リトゲン気象,海水) を含む水化学の分析.
- 代謝活動評価 (異性栄養および自己栄養生産) と微生物コミュニティ分析 (SSU rRNA遺伝子配列決定).
主要な成果:
- SLWの水柱は,代謝的に活発な微生物,主に細菌と古生物を宿している.
- 生態系は化学合成によって駆動され,氷河の融水とリトゲン溶液によって微生物の生命が維持されます.
- 多様な微生物集団が特定され,生存可能で活発な氷河下の生態系を示した.
結論:
- サブ氷河南極の水生環境は,微生物の生息可能な生態系をサポートしています.
- これらの生態系には,世界的に重要な炭素と微生物のプールが含まれています.
- サブ氷河微生物は,石層の元素を動員することができ,南洋の地化学と生物学に影響を与えます.
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