植物遺伝学 植物遺伝学 初期のアロポリプロイドの進化は,新石器時代以降のBrassica napus油菜のゲノムに含まれていた
Boulos Chalhoub1, France Denoeud2, Shengyi Liu3
1Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Université d'Evry Val d'Essone, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France. chalhoub@evry.inra.fr.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 23, 2014
まとめ
オイルシードラプス (Brassica napus L.) は古代のアロポリプロイディによって進化し,複雑なゲノムを生み出しました. 特定の遺伝子ファミリーを改変することによってオイル特性を選択した家畜化により,作物の改良に関する洞察が得られる.
科学分野:
- 植物ゲノミクス 植物ゲノミクス
- 農作物の進化について
- ポリプロイド性の研究
背景:
- オイルシードラプス (Brassica napus L.) は, ~7500年前にハイブリダイゼーションとアロポリプロイディによって発生しました.
- そのゲノムは,アンジオスペルムの起源以来,著しい (72×) 増殖を経験し,高い遺伝子含有量をもたらしました.
研究 の 目的:
- Brassica napusのゲノムと,その最近の複製の影響を調査する.
- そのAnとCnサブゲノム間のクロストークを理解するために.
- 農作物の家畜化に関連して,遺伝子喪失と発現の相違を調査する.
主な方法:
- Brassica napus.のゲノム解析について
- サブゲノム間の構造的,機能的,および表遺伝的相互作用の検討.
- 選択中の遺伝子ファミリーの進化の分析.
主要な成果:
- AnとCnサブゲノムは,ホメオログの交換を含む微妙なクロストークを示しています.
- 遺伝子の喪失と発現の分岐の初期段階が起こっています.
- 油性種種の選択により,グルコシノレート遺伝子の喪失が加速され,石油生物合成遺伝子の拡張が促進された.
結論:
- アロポリプロイジは,植物ゲノム進化と作物の家畜化に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- Brassica napusは,ポリプロイドの進化と作物改良戦略を理解するためのモデルを提供します.
- 特定の遺伝子ファミリーの動態は,農業の選択圧力への適応を反映しています.
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