発達の可塑性と四足類の起源について
Emily M Standen1, Trina Y Du2, Hans C E Larsson2
1Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
Nature
|August 28, 2014
まとめ
基礎線魚であるポリプテルス魚の発達的な可塑性は,四足類の進化の洞察を提供します. Polypterusの環境による変化は古代の特徴を反映しており,可塑性が地球化を助けたことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- テトラポッドは4億年前に魚から進化し,陸上での移動と四肢の進化を伴いました.
- ベースアクトノプテリジアンであるポリプテラス (Polypterus) は,エルピストステギド類の魚 (幹四足類) に似たプレシオモルフィックな特徴を示している.
- Polypterusは,幹四足類と発達的な可塑性を研究するための現存のアナログとして機能します.
研究 の 目的:
- 魚における"地球化"プロセスに,発達的な可塑性がどのように影響するかを調査する.
- 陸上の環境で飼育されたポリプタースの解剖学的および生体力学的反応を調査する.
- ポリプタースの環境誘発的な現象型と,幹四足体の解剖学的変化を比較する.
主な方法:
- 開発の可塑性を測定するために,陸上の環境でポリプテルスを飼育する.
- 陸上で飼育されたポリプタースの解剖学的および生体力学的変化の評価.
- 観察された現象型を,幹四足類の化石の証拠と比較する.
主要な成果:
- 地上化したポリプテルスの環境によって引き起こされた現象型と,幹四足類の古代の解剖学的変化の間に顕著な対応が観察されました.
- 幹四足体の行動進化に関する洞察を得ました.
- ポリプテルス (Polypterus) の陸への適応において,表型的な可塑性を示した.
結論:
- 魚の環境によって引き起こされた発達的な可塑性は,テトラポッドに繋がる陸上の特徴の起源を容易にしたのかもしれない.
- ポリプテラスは,水生生物から陸生生物への移行を理解するための貴重なモデルとして機能します.
- プラスティシティは,大きな転換期における進化的イノベーションのための潜在的なメカニズムを提供します.
関連する概念動画
Gastrulation
52.7K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
52.7K
Neurulation
40.1K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
40.1K
Neuroplasticity
2.5K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
2.5K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
6.2K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
6.2K
Plasticity
2.2K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
2.2K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
3.2K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.2K


