核ピストンによる隔離圧の生成は,3Dマトリックスにおける細胞の運動性を支配する
Ryan J Petrie1, Hyun Koo2, Kenneth M Yamada1
1Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA. petrier@mail.nih.gov kyamada@mail.nih.gov.
まとめ
細胞のアクトミオシン収縮性は,高圧突起を作り出すことによって3D移住を促します. 核はピストンとして作用し,細胞質を分割し,ラメリポディアから独立して移動するための圧力を増加させます.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 細胞外マトリックスダイナミクス
背景:
- 3次元 (3D) の環境における細胞の移動は,発達と疾患にとって極めて重要です.
- アクトミオシン収縮性は,3D移行中の細胞突起タイプに影響しますが,メカニズムは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 3D細胞移動を推進するアクトミオシン収縮性と核定位の役割を明らかにする.
- 3Dマトリックスにおける移動中の細胞突起形成に細胞内圧がどのように影響するかを調査する.
主な方法:
- 3D細胞外マトリックス内で移動するヒト細胞を活用した.
- ネスプリン-3の核位置と細胞内圧力への影響を評価するためにネスプリン-3の発現を操作した.
- 細胞内圧を測定し,細胞突起の動態を観察した.
主要な成果:
- アクトミオシン収縮性は,3D移動細胞で高圧の lobopodial 突起を生成しました.
- 核は,物理的に細胞質を,前と後ろの区切りに分割した.
- ネスプリン-3は核の位置づけを媒介し,その減少は細胞内圧力を低下させ,圧力の分布を均等にしました.
結論:
- 核はピストンとして機能し,シトプラズマを分割し,液静圧を生成し,ラメリポディアから独立した3D細胞移動を推進する.
- ネスプリン-3は,アクトミオシン収縮性を核定位と細胞移動のための細胞内圧調節と結びつける上で重要な役割を果たしています.
関連する概念動画
Cell Motility through Blebbing
1.9K
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
1.9K
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration
2.8K
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
2.8K
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation
3.1K
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
3.1K
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
2.7K
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
2.7K
Cell Migration
16.6K
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
16.6K
Cell Migration
6.0K
Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
6.0K


