より多くの穀物を生産し,環境コストを下げる.
Xinping Chen1, Zhenling Cui1, Mingsheng Fan2
11] College of Resources &Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China [2].
Nature
|September 5, 2014
まとめ
統合された土壌作物管理は,より多くの窒素肥料を必要とせずに,米,小麦,トウモロコシの収穫量を大幅に高めます. このアプローチは,環境への影響も軽減し,中国の将来の食料安全保障を確保します.
科学分野:
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
- 環境科学 環境科学
- アグロノミーは農学です.
背景:
- 世界の食糧安全保障は,環境被害を最小限に抑えながら作物の収穫を増やす必要性によって脅かされています.
- 集中農業は,生産性と生態学的持続可能性のバランスをとる上で課題を提示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 中国農業における収穫量の向上と環境コストの削減のための統合土壌作物システム管理 (ISSM) の実践を評価する.
- 中国における将来の食糧需要を満たすためのISSMの可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 中国における米,小麦,トウモロコシの主要な農業生態圏で153件のサイト年フィールド実験を実施した.
- 農作物の生態生理学と土壌の生地化学に基づいた適用されたISSMの実践.
- 環境への影響を評価するために,モデルシミュレーションとライフサイクル評価を活用しました.
主要な成果:
- 平均収穫量は,米の7.2から8.5Mg ha−1に,小麦の7.2から8.9Mg ha−1に,トウモロコシの10.5から14.2Mg ha−1に増加した.
- これらの収穫の増加は,窒素肥料の適用を増やすことなく達成されました.
- 反応性窒素の損失と温室効果ガスの排出量は,ISSMによって大幅に削減されました.
結論:
- ISSMは,中国における食料と飼料の安全保障のために作物生産を増やすための実行可能な戦略を提供します.
- ISSMの広範な採用は,集中農業の環境足跡を大幅に減らすことができます.
- 2030年までに実証された収穫量の80%の改善を達成すると,中国の予測需要を満たし,環境コストを削減できます.
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