微生物コミュニティの反応によって強化された土壌呼吸速度の温度感受性
Kristiina Karhu1, Marc D Auffret2, Jennifer A J Dungait3
11] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK [2] Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Nature
|September 5, 2014
まとめ
土壌の微生物は,特に寒い地域では,温暖化とともに二酸化炭素の放出を加速させる. この微生物の反応は,土壌呼吸の温度感受性を増幅し,予想以上に炭素を放出する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 土壌科学は,土壌科学である.
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 気候変動研究 気候変動研究
背景:
- 土壌は重要な炭素貯蔵庫であり,植物バイオマスよりも4倍の炭素を貯蔵しています.
- 土壌の微生物の呼吸は,毎年大気中に相当量の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を放出しています.
- 現在の地球システムモデルは,土壌呼吸の温度感受性を組み込み,気候変動に影響を与えるポジティブなフィードバックループを予測しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 多様な生態系における土壌微生物コミュニティの反応が,土壌呼吸の温度感受性にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- 微生物のコミュニティレベルでの反応が温暖化によって引き起こされる土壌からの炭素の損失を増幅するか抑えるかどうかを判断する.
- 土壌の炭素貯蔵庫の脆弱性を評価する,特に寒い地域で,気候変動に対する脆弱性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 北極からアマゾンまでの気候グラデントを網羅する様々な生態系から集めた土壌.
- 温度の変化に対する微生物コミュニティレベルの反応を調査した.
- 土壌呼吸の温度感度を中長期 (90日) にわたって測定した.
主要な成果:
- 微生物コミュニティの反応は,土壌呼吸の温度感受性を減らすよりも,より頻繁に強化した.
- 最も強い強化反応は,炭素と窒素の比率が高い土壌や寒い気候から観察されました.
- 90日後,微生物の反応は,瞬時の反応と比較して,高緯度の土壌で呼吸の温度感度を1.4倍に増加させた.
結論:
- 土壌の微生物コミュニティの反応は,一般的に,土壌呼吸の温度感受性を増幅します.
- 北極と北極の土壌の炭素貯蔵は,現在のモデルが予測するよりも気候温暖化に敏感かもしれません.
- 微生物の反応を理解することは,土壌の炭素からの気候変動のフィードバックを正確に予測するために不可欠です.
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