高所得国における子供の死亡の原因を理解する
Peter Sidebotham1, James Fraser2, Teresa Covington3
1Division of Mental Health and Well Being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 12, 2014
まとめ
高所得国における子供と青年の死亡率を理解するには,内在的,環境的,社会的要因を調査する必要があります. 社会経済的な地位は重要な決定因子であり,複数の領域に影響を及ぼし,幼児死亡率を減らすための潜在的な介入の分野を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 小児科は小児科です.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
背景:
- 高所得国における子供と青年の死亡率は,複雑な要因の相互作用によって影響を受けます.
- これらの要因は,内在的 (生物学的,心理的),物理的環境,社会的環境,およびサービス提供領域に分類することができます.
- 社会経済的なグラデーションは顕著ですが,すべての領域にわたる複雑なメカニズムは,しばしば理解が不十分です.
研究 の 目的:
- 高所得国における子供および青少年死亡率に貢献する多面的な要因を特定し,概念化する.
- 異なる領域における死亡率に影響を与える複雑なメカニズム,特に社会経済的なグラデーションを調査する.
- 子どもの死亡を防ぐための介入の潜在的な分野を強調する.
主な方法:
- 幼児および青少年死亡率に影響を与える要因の概念分析.
- 貢献する要因を4つの主要な領域に分類する:内在的,物理的環境,社会的環境,およびサービス提供.
- 社会経済的地位を含む,固定および変更可能なリスク要因の特定.
主要な成果:
- 幼児死亡率は,内在的,環境的,社会的,およびサービス提供要因によって影響を受けます.
- 社会経済的な地位は,複雑な,しばしばよく理解されていないメカニズムを通じて,すべての領域で死亡率に大きな影響を与えます.
- ある要因は不変である (例えば,遺伝学,性別),他の要因は介入を受けやすい.
結論:
- 幼児および青少年死亡率に対処するには,複数の領域を考慮した包括的なアプローチが必要です.
- 変更可能な要因,特に社会経済的な地位や環境条件に関連する要因を対象とした介入は,幼児死亡率を減らすために有望である.
- 要素の複雑な相互作用を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略の開発に不可欠です.
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