トランスクリプトーム全体のマッピングは,ncRNAとmRNAのダイナミックに制御された広範囲にわたる偽ウリジリレーションを明らかにしています
Schraga Schwartz1, Douglas A Bernstein2, Maxwell R Mumbach1
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Cell
|September 16, 2014
まとめ
研究者は,トランスクリプトーム全体にプセウドウリジンをマッピングするために Ψ-seq を開発しました. この方法は,何百もの新しい改変部位を特定し,偽ウリジンを明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- RNA 生物学 RNA 生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 偽ウリジンは最も豊富に存在するRNA変異ですが,その位置と機能はほとんど不明です.
- プセウドウリジンの理解は,様々な細胞のプロセスに不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 偽ウリジンの定量的なマッピングのためのトランスクリプトーム全体の方法を開発する.
- 新規の偽ウリジン部位とその修飾酵素を特定する.
- mRNAの安定性と疾患におけるプセウドウリジンの機能的役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 偽ウリジンマッピングのための Ψ-seq の開発と検証.
- サイト固有の改変を決定するために,偽ウリジン合成酵素 (PUS) の混乱.
- 熱ショックを受けた酵母と先天性硬化症患者の細胞におけるプセウドウリジン濃度の分析.
主要な成果:
- Ψ-seqは,トランスクリプトーム全体にプセウドウリジンを成功的にマッピングし,ヒトおよび酵母 mRNAおよびsnoRNAの何百もの新しい部位を特定しました.
- 特定の偽ウリジン合成酵素とその標的配列の特徴が特定されました.
- Pus7p媒介の偽ウリジリレーションは,酵母における熱ショックによって誘発され,mRNAの安定性を高めました.
- 減少したrRNAプセウドウリジンは,DKC1変異を有する先天性硬化症患者の細胞で観察されました.
結論:
- Ψ-seqは,偽ウリジンの強化された,トランスクリプトーム全体の見方を提供します.
- この研究は,偽ウリジン改変のメカニズムとその機能的意義を明らかにします.
- プセウドウリジンはRNAの安定性に関与し,先天性硬化症などのヒト疾患に関与している.
関連する概念動画
Ribosome Profiling
3.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.2K
Leaky Scanning
4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K
Nuclear Export of mRNA
7.0K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.0K
RNA Stability
31.5K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
31.5K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
9.3K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
9.3K
pre-mRNA Processing
48.8K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
48.8K


