パンの致命的な攻撃は,人間の影響よりも適応戦略によって説明される
Michael L Wilson1, Christophe Boesch2, Barbara Fruth3
11] Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, 395 Humphrey Center, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA [2] Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
Nature
|September 19, 2014
まとめ
男性のチンパンジーは,しばしば集団間の攻撃で,しばしば致命的な暴力に従事し,この行動の原因として人間の影響ではなく,適応戦略を支持します.
科学分野:
- 類人猿の行動について
- エトロジー エトロジー エトロジー
- アントロポロジー (人類学)
背景:
- チンパンジー (Pan troglodytes) とボノボ (Pan paniscus) の同種の殺戮は重要な研究分野である.
- 致命的な暴力を説明する主な仮説は2つあります:フィットネスの利益のための適応的戦略,または人間の影響の非適応的結果です.
研究 の 目的:
- 同種の殺戮に対する適応的および人間への影響の仮説を区別する.
- 長期データを用いて,チンパンジーとボノボの致命的な暴力のパターンを分析する.
主な方法:
- 五十年以上にわたる18のチンパンジーと4のボノボのコミュニティからのデータをまとめました.
- 観察された,推論された,および疑われる殺人を含む (n=152はチンパンジーで,1はボノボで).
- 攻撃者/被害者の人口統計,攻撃の種類,および比率を分析し,人間への影響の測定値と相関する.
主要な成果:
- 男性は主に攻撃者 (92%) と被害者 (73%) でした.
- ほとんどの殺人事件 (66%) は,攻撃者対被害者の比率が高い (中位は8:1) コミュニティ間の攻撃でした.
- 殺害率は,人間への影響指標と相関関係がないことが示された.
結論:
- 発見は,資源または配偶者獲得などのチンパンジーの殺戮の適応的な説明を支持しています.
- 人間の影響が同種の殺戮を促すという仮説は,データによって支持されていません.
関連する概念動画
01:19Impact of Groups on Groups
238
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
238
01:47Aggression
30.1K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
30.1K
02:41Lethal Alleles
17.8K
Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
17.8K
02:34Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules
37.3K
The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
37.3K
01:21Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation
669
Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
669
01:30Impact
487
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
487