気候変動:世界保健の課題と機会

Jonathan A Patz¹, Howard Frumkin², Tracey Holloway³

¹Global Health Institute, Madison, Wisconsin2Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 3Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

JAMA

|September 23, 2014

まとめ

気候変動は,熱中症や感染症を含む重大な健康リスクをもたらします. 緩和努力は,健康と経済的共同利益を大幅に提供し,気候変動対策の必要性を強調しています.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
気候科学気候科学

背景:

気候変動は人間の健康と密接に関連しています.
臨床医は,患者に助言し,政策を明示するために,この関係を理解しなければなりません.
世界的な気候変動によって公衆衛生はますます影響を受けています.

研究の目的:

縮小した気候モデリングを用いた新しい米国ベースの気温予測を提示する.
気候変動に関連する健康リスクに関する最近の研究をレビューする.
温室効果ガス排出量削減の副利を検証する.

主な方法:

気候変動と健康に関する文献をPubMedとGoogle Scholar (2009年−2014年) で検索した.
温度予測 (2046-2065) のための13のモデルからの気候データを分析した.
1日の最大8時間の平均オゾンと過去の気温データを比較した.

主要な成果:

米国の都市は2050年までに,より頻繁な極端な暑さの日に直面する可能性があります.
高い気温はオゾン濃度の増加と相関する.
健康への悪影響には,熱中症,呼吸器系障害,感染症,食糧不足,精神的健康への影響などがあります.

結論:

20年以上の証拠が,気候変動と健康への悪影響を結びつけている.
医療従事者は,これらのリスクを伝える上で重要な役割を果たします.
温室効果ガスの排出量を削減する政策は,健康と経済に重大な副利益をもたらします.

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