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Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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ストキャスティック選択による行動変動と,前帯状皮質によるゲートによる行動変動.

Dougal G R Tervo1, Mikhail Proskurin1, Maxim Manakov1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.

Cell
|September 27, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

ネズミは,戦略的意思決定からストキャスティックモードに切り替え,無敵の競争相手と対峙する. 前帯状皮質 (ACC) へのロカス・コエルーレウスの入力によって制御されるこの行動のシフトは,不確実性下で探索を可能にします.

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 行動科学は,行動科学である.
  • コンピューティング神経科学

背景:

  • 動物は通常,意思決定を最適化するために過去の経験を活用します.
  • しかし,探検と予測不能さも生存に不可欠です.
  • これらの行動戦略の間のスイッチの基礎となる神経機構は,完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • ネズミが戦略的およびストキャスティック行動モードの間でどのように切り替わるかを調査するために.
  • この行動の柔軟性を制御する神経回路を特定するために.
  • 不確実性下での意思決定における前帯状皮質 (ACC) とロカス・コエルーレウス (LC) の役割を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 仮想の競争相手と対峙するネズミの行動実験.
  • トランスジェニックラットにおける回路の混乱.
  • 電気生理学的記録と光遺伝学的操作.
  • ACCとLCにおける行動戦略と神経活動の分析.

主要な成果:

  • ネズミは,予測可能な競争相手に対して,歴史とモデルベースの戦略を採用します.
  • ネズミは予測不可能な競争相手に直面すると,結果を無視してストキャスティックモードに切り替えます.
  • このスイッチは,前帯状皮質 (ACC) へのロカス・コエルーレウスの入力によって媒介されます.
  • ストキャスティック行動の間,ACCの関与の抑制が観察されます.

結論:

  • 脳は,経験に基づく行動の最適化と,予測できない戦略の採用を切り替えることができる.
  • 前帯状皮質 (ACC) への Locus coeruleus (LC) の入力がこの行動の柔軟性を制御する.
  • ACC出力のノラドレナージック調節は,環境の不確実性下で適応的な意思決定を可能にします.