場所固有のグループ選択は,局所的に適応したグループ組成を推進します
Jonathan N Pruitt1, Charles J Goodnight2
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
Nature
|October 3, 2014
まとめ
集団選択は,クモコロニーの集団の分岐を促します. 実験的に構築されたコロニーは,その構成をネイティブの比率に合わせて調整し,生存のための局所的に適応した規制メカニズムを示した.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 行動生態学 行動生態学
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
背景:
- 集団選択は,集団の異なる絶滅または増殖が特徴の頻度に影響を与える進化のメカニズムである.
- 社会的に多形態のクモであるアネロシマス・スタディオサス (Anelosimus studiosus) は,コロニー内で行動の違い (従順な対攻撃的な現象型) を表している.
- 自然の個体群は,コロニー内の従順な個体と攻撃的な個体の比率に変化を示す.
研究 の 目的:
- 集団選択が集団レベルでの行動比率の差異を誘導する役割を実験的に検証する.
- 絶滅の危険や環境条件に応じてコロニーの組成を調整するかどうかを調査する.
- コロニーの構成を調節するメカニズムが局所的に適応しているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 従順で攻撃的な個体の既知の組成で実験的なクモコロニーの建設.
- コロニーの生存率と組成の観察と分析は,2世代に渡って異なるサイトで変化します.
- ネイティブ環境と異動環境におけるコロニー反応の比較.
主要な成果:
- 場所特有の集団選択は,実験コロニーの従順性:攻撃性の比率の相違に大きな影響を与えた.
- 絶滅の危機に直面しているコロニーは,その構成を,その原産地特有の比率に合わせたように調整した.
- 移転したコロニーは,新しい環境に関係なく,元の場所での有益な比率に向かって組成を調整し続けました.
結論:
- 実験的証拠は,野生の集団における集団的特徴の原動力として集団選択を支持している.
- コロニー構成の調節メカニズムは局所的に適応され,生息地での生存を促進します.
- 行動ポリモルフィズムとグループダイナミクスは,Anelosimus studiosusの適応を理解するための鍵です.
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