Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones00:51

Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones

2.3K
α-Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones is a reaction involving the substitution of α hydrogens with halogens in the presence of a base.  The reaction begins with the abstraction of  α hydrogen by the base to produce a nucleophilic enolate ion. This intermediate undergoes a subsequent nucleophilic substitution with the halogen to produce a monohalogenated carbonyl compound. If the starting substrate has more than one α hydrogen, it is difficult to stop the reaction...
2.3K
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

12.4K
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
12.4K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

4.3K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
4.3K
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones01:21

Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones

3.1K
By replacing an α-hydrogen with a halogen, acid-catalyzed α-halogenation of aldehydes or ketones yields a monohalogenated product
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic...
3.1K
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

16.1K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
16.1K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

8.4K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
8.4K

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Affective-Motivational Task Content and Stimulus Size Modulate Cognitive Control in Task Switching.

Experimental psychology·2026
Same author

Influence of stimulus material and effector specificity on performance in the measurement of interference control in adolescent handball and soccer players compared to non-player controls.

Psychological research·2026
Same author

Computational prediction resolves thousands of homooligomeric phage protein structures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Correspondence on "Fortification of FeS Clusters Reshapes Anaerobic CO Dehydrogenase Into an Air-Viable Enzyme Through Multilayered Sealing of O<sub>2</sub> Tunnels".

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Neural correlates of asymmetric switch costs during affective task switching.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Opposite effects of interruption frequency on performance in interrupted and uninterrupted multistep task.

Psychological research·2026

関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents
09:45

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents

Published on: November 12, 2016

34.5K

オルガノハリド呼吸器の構造的基礎

Martin Bommer1, Cindy Kunze2, Jochen Fesseler1

  • 1Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 4, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

PceAのような還元性デハロゲネーゼは,最終的な電子移転ステップを触媒化することによって,トリクロエチン (TCE) などの汚染物質を排毒します. 構造分析は,この重要な還元性ハロエリミネーションプロセスを可能にするB12コファクターを明らかにします.

さらに関連する動画

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

5.1K
Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

13.6K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents
09:45

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents

Published on: November 12, 2016

34.5K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

5.1K
Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

13.6K

科学分野:

  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは

背景:

  • オルガノハリドを呼吸する微生物は,電子受容体としてトリコロエチン (TCE) などの持続的な汚染物質を使用します.
  • 還元性デハロゲネーゼは,オルガノハリド呼吸における重要な2電子転送ステップを触媒化する.

研究 の 目的:

  • Sulfurospirillum multivorans.からの重要なデハロゲナーゼであるPceAのX線結晶構造を決定する.
  • PceAによるTCE解毒の基礎となる構造的メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • PceAの構造を取得するために,X線結晶学が採用されました.
  • トリクロエーテン (TCE) と製品アナログの複合体におけるPceAの構造を決定した.

主要な成果:

  • 原型デハロゲネーゼPceAは,窒素還元酵素の折りたたみの中に深く埋もれたノルプセウドB12コファクターを特徴としています.
  • 構造的複合体は,コバラミン共因子がTCEの還元性ハロエリミネーションをどのように促進するかを明らかにします.
  • 保存されたB12結合基板と変数基板捕獲領域が特定されました.

結論:

  • PceAの構造は,オルガノハリド呼吸のメカニズムに関する原子レベルの洞察を提供します.
  • PceAの構造を理解することで,持続的な汚染物質の生物修復のための戦略を伝えることができます.