バイオジオグラフィと個性の形状は,人間の皮膚のメタゲノムで機能する
Julia Oh1, Allyson L Byrd1, Clay Deming1
1Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nature
|October 4, 2014
まとめ
人間の皮膚の微生物群は,あなたが身体 (生理地理) に住んでいる場所と,あなたのユニークな個別の特徴の両方によって形作られています. この研究は,異なる皮膚部位と個体において,異なる細菌,真菌,ウイルスシグネチャーを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 人間の皮膚は,マイクロ環境要因の影響を受ける多様な微生物のコミュニティを備えています.
- 以前のマーカー遺伝子を用いた研究では,特定の皮膚のニッチで様々な細菌と真菌を特定しました.
- 皮膚の微生物群の組成と機能を理解することは,人間の健康にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の皮膚の微生物群の機能的および分類的組成を身体の様々な部位で包括的に分析する.
- 微生物コミュニティの構造に対する地元の生物地理と宿主の個性の影響を調査する.
- 皮膚の微生物群の間の相互作用 (バクテリア,真菌,ウイルス) と菌株レベルの変動を調査する.
主な方法:
- 健康な個体の様々な部位から微生物コミュニティのメタジェノミックシーケンシング.
- バクテリア,真菌,ウイルスデータを統合するためのリレーショナル分析フレームワークの開発.
- リファレンスのない分析と,培養されていない微生物を特徴付けるためのマルチキングダム遺伝子カタログの作成.
主要な成果:
- 皮膚の微生物群の組成は,地元の生物地理 (場所の特異性) と宿主の個性によって大きく定義されます.
- 関連分析により,特定の体部位と個々の宿主に対する異なる微生物のシグネチャが明らかになった.
- 支配的な種内の菌株レベルの変化は異質で多種性であることが判明し,参照ゲノムが欠けている種で新しい遺伝子シグネチャが特定されました.
結論:
- 人間の皮膚の微生物群は,環境の位置と宿主特有の要因の両方によって影響される二重構造を示しています.
- この基礎的な研究は,将来,ヒトの病気における王国間の相互作用,代謝機能,および菌株追跡に関する研究を可能にします.
- 開発されたマルチキングダム遺伝子カタログは,以前培養されていない皮膚微生物の特徴づけに役立ちます.
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