高地にあるペルーのアンデス山脈の古インド人の開拓地
Kurt Rademaker1, Gregory Hodgins2, Katherine Moore3
1Department of Anthropology, South Stevens Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5773, USA. Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloß Hohentübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. Climate Change Institute, Bryand Global Sciences Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. kurt.rademaker@umit.maine.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 25, 2014
まとめ
狩猟採集者は,プレイストセーン時代に極度の高地にあるアンデス山脈の環境を植民地化した. この適応は,寒さと低酸素状態にもかかわらず,人間が南米に入った直後に起こった.
科学分野:
- 考古学考古学とは
- 古人類学は,古人類学である.
- 人間の適応力
背景:
- 極端な環境への人間の適応は,生存能力を理解するために極めて重要です.
- ペルーのアンデス山脈にあるプクンチョ盆地には,世界最高標高のプレイストセンの考古学遺跡がある.
研究 の 目的:
- アンデス山脈の極度の高地環境における最も初期の人類による植民地化を調査する.
- 終末プレイストセンの高地条件への人間の適応のタイムラインを決定する.
主な方法:
- プクンチョ盆地の遺跡の考古学的な発掘と年代測定.
- 投射点を含む人工物の分析と,占有シーケンスに関する放射性炭素年代測定.
主要な成果:
- Pucunchoのワークショップサイトを特定し,12.8〜11.5 kaのフィッシュテイル発射器のポイントを特定しました.
- Cuncaichaの岩のシェルターで,12.4kYをカバーする,11.5kYより古い日付を持つ,日付をよく記録された占領.
- 極度の高さ (4355-4480 m) での人間の存在が12.4kaで実証されました.
結論:
- 狩猟採集者は,プレイストセンの末期期に極度の高地にあるアンデス山脈の環境を成功裏に植民地化しました.
- この植民地化は,人類が南米に侵入してから約2,000年以内に起こった.
- 人類は,厳しい高地条件に適応する大きな能力を有しています.
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