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Egoism and Altruism01:55

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Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Motivational Bias01:25

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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行動経済学 行動経済学 慈善活動における一般的嫌悪を避ける.

Uri Gneezy1, Elizabeth A Keenan2, Ayelet Gneezy2

  • 1Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ugneezy@ucsd.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 1, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

寄付者は,オーバーヘッドが大きい慈善団体を避ける. オーバーヘッドコストを初期寄付でカバーし,オーバーヘッドフリーオプションを作成すると,寄付率と金額が大幅に増加し,慈善的な寄付をより効果的にします.

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科学分野:

  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
  • 慈善研究 慈善研究
  • 非営利のマネジメントマネジメント

背景:

  • 寄付者はしばしば,高額な管理費と資金調達コストを伴う慈善団体を避け,非営利団体の有効性を阻害します.
  • 高額なオーバーヘッド支出は,潜在的なドナーを抑止し,慈善事業への寄付に影響を及ぼします.
  • 非営利団体は,オーバーヘッドコストに対するドナーの認識により,資金調達に困難に直面しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 最初の寄付で非営利団体のオーバーヘッドコストをカバーすることによって,寄付を増やすための新しいソリューションをテストする.
  • オーバーヘッドフリー・ドネーションの機会がドナー行動に与える影響を評価する.
  • オーバーヘッドフリーモデルの有効性を他の一般的な資金調達戦略と比較する.

主な方法:

  • オーバーヘッドコストの変動に対するドナーの反応を分析するために,実験室での実験が行われました.
  • 4万人の潜在的ドナーを対象とした大規模なフィールド実験が実施された.
  • オーバーヘッドフリー・ドネーション・ストラテジーは,シード・ファイナンシングとマッチング・キャンペーンと比較した.

主要な成果:

  • 検査結果によると,寄付者がオーバーヘッドコストを負担すると,寄付は減少する.
  • フィールド実験では,オーバーヘッドフリー・ドネーション・モデルは,80~94%の寄付率を大幅に増加させることが実証されました.
  • 総寄付は,シードやマッチング戦略と比較して,オーバーヘッドフリーアプローチで75~89%増加した.

結論:

  • 最初の寄付を通じて非営利団体のオーバーヘッドコストをカバーすることは,慈善事業を推進するための非常に効果的な戦略です.
  • オーバーヘッドフリー・ドネーション・モデルは,管理費と関連したドナーの不意を克服します.
  • このアプローチは,非営利団体の資金調達と運用能力を高めるためのスケーラブルなソリューションを提供します.