自閉症ではシナプス,トランスクリプション,クロマチンの遺伝子が破壊される
Nature
|November 4, 2014
まとめ
研究者らは,自閉症スペクトル障害のリスクに関連した107の自己群遺伝子を特定し,その多くはシナプスおよび転写の調節に関与しています. これらの遺伝子は,進化的制約の下で,自閉症患者の5%以上において,機能喪失変異をデノボに備えています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
背景:
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) の遺伝学には,多数の遺伝子に影響を与える一般的なおよびまれな変異の複雑な相互作用が含まれています.
- ASDの遺伝的基礎を理解することは,標的を絞った介入の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 稀有なコーディングバリエーション分析を通じて,自閉症スペクトル障害に関連する特定の遺伝子を特定する.
- ASDに関与する遺伝子の機能的経路と進化的特性を調査する.
主な方法:
- エクソームシーケンシングは,自閉症患者3,871人と対照群9,937人に実施した.
- 統計的分析により,希少なコーディング変種と,誤った発見率 (FDR) <0.05と<0.30.で関連する遺伝子を特定しました.
主要な成果:
- 22のオートソーム遺伝子は,FDR<0.05でASDに関与しており,より広範な107の遺伝子が,FDR<0.30でリスクに富んだ.
- これらの107の遺伝子は,強い進化的制約を示し,自閉症患者の5%以上で機能喪失の突然変異をデノボに備えています.
- 関連する遺伝子は,イオンチャネルやヒストン修正酵素を含むシナプス形成,転写調節,クロマチンの改造に関与しています.
結論:
- 特定のオートソーム遺伝子の希少なコーディング変異は,自閉症スペクトル障害のリスクに大きく貢献します.
- 特定された遺伝子は,ASDの病原性におけるシナプス機能,転写制御,および表遺伝子調節の重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Autism Spectrum Disorder
1.9K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
1.9K
Pleiotropy
31.0K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
31.0K
Human Genetics
1.9K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.9K
Epigenetic Regulation
3.3K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.3K
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
1.2K
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
1.2K
Alternative RNA Splicing
20.3K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
20.3K


