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農業の移行と都市化の生態系サービスへの影響
Graeme S Cumming1, Andreas Buerkert2, Ellen M Hoffmann2
1Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Nature
|November 7, 2014
まとめ
生態系サービスに対する人間の依存は,直接的な利用から間接的な社会経済的利益,特に都市部にシフトしています. 人口増加と都市化によって引き起こされるこの変化は,持続不可能な資源利用と社会生態系崩壊のリスクを招く.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- 持続可能性科学 持続可能性科学
背景:
- 歴史的に見て,人類社会は生態系サービスを直接利用してきた.
- 現代の都市部の人口は,生態系から派生する間接的,社会経済的なサービスにますます依存しています.
- 人口増加と都市化により,生態系サービスの供給と需要の動態が変化します.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間社会と生態系サービスとの間の進化する関係を分析する.
- 都市化と人口増加が社会生態系に与える影響を調査する.
- 持続不可能な資源利用とシステム崩壊のリスクを特定する.
主な方法:
- 歴史的および現代的な人間と生態系の相互作用の概念的分析.
- 技術的変化,人口増加,都市化との間のフィードバックループの検討.
- 生態系サービスの提供と需要に対する影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 都市化は,社会的依存を直接から間接的な (社会経済的) 生態系サービスにシフトさせます.
- サービス需要の規模拡大と性質の変化は,生態系と社会の重要なフィードバックを弱める.
- 相互作用する要因 (技術,人口,都市化) は,生態系の過剰搾取を促進する.
結論:
- 弱まったフィードバックは,社会生態系を罠にかけ,崩壊のリスクを高めます.
- これらの複雑なフィードバックを理解することは,持続可能な資源管理に不可欠です.
- 人間の活動を生態系の限界と再調整するために,積極的な戦略が必要である.
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