梅毒の治療:体系的なレビュー
Meredith E Clement1, N Lance Okeke1, Charles B Hicks2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
JAMA
|November 12, 2014
まとめ
親腸ペニシリンGは,限られた臨床試験データにもかかわらず,梅毒の主要な治療法であり続けています. このレビューは,特殊な集団を含む様々な梅毒治療レジメンに関する証拠を検証しています.
科学分野:
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- クリニカル・メディシン 臨床医学
背景:
- 梅毒の発生率は米国で増加しており,2014年には5万5000件以上の新規感染が推定されています.
- 梅毒の治療戦略は,特に特定の患者グループについて議論されています.
- 血清学による治療効果の評価は,継続的な課題を提示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ペニシリンおよびペニシリン以外の梅毒治療のレジメンに関する現在の証拠をレビューする.
- 治療評価における"血清酸性状態"の影響を調査する.
- ニューロシフィリス,HIV感染者,妊婦を含む特定の集団の治療プロトコルの検討.
主な方法:
- 1965年1月から2014年7月までのヒト治療の研究に関するMEDLINEの包括的な文献検索.
- ランダム化試験,メタ解析,コホート研究を優先した102件の論文を掲載.
- ケースレポートや小シリーズを除く.ただし,これらがユニークな証拠を提供しなかった場合を除く.
主要な成果:
- 初期の梅毒 (90-100%の成功率) に対して,単一の筋内ベンザチンペニシリンGを投与する証拠が支持されています.
- 早期の梅毒の治療の有効性は,特にHIVに感染した個体において,複数の投与量で,さらなる研究が必要です.
- 後期/潜伏性梅毒については限られたデータが存在し,ペニシリンはHIV感染者および妊婦の第一線治療薬であり続けていますが,証拠は稀です.
- 治療後の"血清酸性状態" (持続的血清陽性) は一般的です.
- 血清学的応答時間は異なる:早期の梅毒では6ヶ月,潜伏梅毒では12〜24ヶ月.
結論:
- 親腸ペニシリンGは,梅毒治療の確立された標準です.
- ペニシリンの有効性を支持する臨床試験のデータは比較的控えめです.
- 特に複雑な症例や特定の集団の治療ガイドラインを洗練するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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