ランドスケープの水文学. 森林伐採による世界湿地の水文学的影響
C Woodward1, J Shulmeister2, J Larsen2
1School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Chamberlain Building, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia. c.woodward1@uq.edu.au.
まとめ
森林伐採は湿地の水資源を大幅に増やし,潜在的に新しい湿地を生み出します. この見過ごされた影響は,多くの保護されたラムサール地域を含む,世界の湿地の9-12%に影響します.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 水文学 水文学とは
- パレオエコロジー (古生態学)
背景:
- 森林伐採は,通常,流域の侵食と湿地の栄養負荷を増加させます.
- 森林が伐採された流域における水資源の増加は,現代の現象として知られているが,過去の人間の影響に関する研究ではしばしば無視されていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 森林伐採が世界の湿地の水資源に与える影響を調査する.
- 過去の人間の影響の代理として,湿地の水利用量の増加の重要性を評価する.
主な方法:
- ブディコの水平衡アプローチを利用した.
- 森林伐採に対する世界の湿地の反応に関するメタ分析を実施した.
- オーストラリアの古生態学研究を組み込んだ.
主要な成果:
- 森林の完全な伐採は,湿地に利用可能な水を年間降雨量の15%まで増加させる可能性があります.
- この増加は,一時的な沼地を恒久的な湖に変容させたり,新しい湿地を創造したりすることができます.
- 世界的に見ると,ラムサール湿地の20-40%を含む湿地の9-12%がこの現象の影響を受けています.
結論:
- 水資源の増加は,湿地への森林伐採の重要な影響であり,まだ認識されていない.
- この効果は,過去の人類と環境の相互作用と湿地の動態を理解する上で深い意味を持つ.
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