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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
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分子混雑はリボ酵素のドッキングと触媒を加速する.

Bishnu P Paudel1, David Rueda

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Virology, and Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London , Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 18, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

PEGのような分子混雑剤は,活性構造を促進することにより,RNA酵素 (リボ酵素) を安定させます. これにより,低濃度のマグネシウムイオンであっても,リボ酵素の折り畳みと触媒活性が強化されます.

さらに関連する動画

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
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関連する実験動画

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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
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Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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科学分野:

  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • RNAのカタリシス

背景:

  • 細胞環境は非常に混雑しており,バイオ分子プロセスに影響を与えます.
  • RNAの折りたたみと触媒に対する分子混雑の影響は十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 分子混雑がヘアピンリボ酵素の折りたたみと触媒活性にどのように影響するかを調査する.
  • 活性RNA構成の安定化における混雑剤の役割を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 単分子光共振エネルギー転送 (smFRET) で,RNA構造をモニタリングする.
  • リボ酵素の触媒速度を測定するためのバルク・クリバージ・アッセイ.
  • ポリエチレングリコール (PEG) とマグネシウムイオン (Mg2+) の濃度が異なる実験を行った.

主要な成果:

  • PEGは,ドッキング速度を増やすことにより,リボ酵素の活性"ドッキング"コンフォームの形成を促進します.
  • マグネシウムイオン誘発の折り畳みは,PEGの存在で,生理学的レベルに近い,著しく低い濃度で発生します.
  • リボ酵素の活性が増加し,分子混雑の条件下でその異質性は減少する.

結論:

  • 分子混雑は,リボ酵素の活性構造の安定化に重要な役割を果たします.
  • PEGのようなクラウンディング剤は,RNA酵素の効率を in vitro で高めることができます.
  • 発見は,分子混雑が in vivo のリボエンザイム機能にとって重要であることを示唆しています.