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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Slide Preparation Method to Preserve Three-dimensional Chromatin Architecture of Testicular Germ Cells
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マウスの性染色体におけるゲノム闘争の兆候

Doris Bachtrog1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Cell
|November 24, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

マウスのY染色体は,再結合の欠如により遺伝子を失うが,X染色体から収束的に新しい遺伝子を獲得する. これは,進化の課題にもかかわらず,遺伝子に富んだ男性染色体を維持します.

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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