ラテンアメリカにおける医療制度改革と普遍的な医療保障
Rifat Atun1, Luiz Odorico Monteiro de Andrade2, Gisele Almeida3
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 3, 2014
まとめ
ラテンアメリカ諸国は,平等と連帯を中心に,普遍的な医療保障を達成するために,医療制度改革を実施した. これらの取り組みにより,恵まれない地域の人々の医療へのアクセスが拡大し,医療成果が改善されました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 保健システムの強化
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- ラテンアメリカ諸国は,貧困と不平等に対処するために,1980年代後半に社会部門改革を開始した.
- 1990年代から,保健システム改革は,特に保健へのアクセスと成果の格差を減らすことをターゲットにしました.
- 公平性,連帯性,集団的行動を強調した普遍的な健康保険への独特のラテンアメリカのアプローチが生まれました.
研究 の 目的:
- ラテンアメリカにおける医療制度強化イニシアチブを分析し,普遍的な健康保険の実現を目指す.
- ラテンアメリカの医療制度改革の経験から得られた重要な特徴と教訓を特定する.
- これらの改革が社会経済的不平等を軽減し,健康上の成果を向上させるのに与える影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 保健システム拡大のための政府の資金調達戦略の見直し.
- 保険のカバーとサービス提供のスケールアップを含む,供給サイドの介入の分析.
- 貧困と健康の社会的決定要因を対象とした需要側介入の検討.
主要な成果:
- 政府の資金調達により,保険の範囲が拡大され,福利制度が強化されました.
- 税金で賄われる普遍的な保健医療制度は,ブラジルやキューバなどの国で確立されました.
- 需要と供給の両方の介入により,恵まれない立場の人々のアクセスが改善されました.
結論:
- ラテンアメリカの医療制度改革は,世界的な普遍的な健康保険の進歩のために貴重な教訓を提供します.
- この地域のアプローチは,公平性,連帯性,統合された介入の重要性を強調しています.
- 保健システムの強化は,社会的不平等を克服し,すべての人のためのより良い健康を達成するために不可欠です.
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