主観的な幸福,健康,そして老化
Andrew Steptoe1, Angus Deaton2, Arthur A Stone3
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
まとめ
主観的な幸福度は,年齢によって世界的に変化し,ある地域ではU字の形を示すが,他の地域ではそうではない. 高齢者におけるエウデモニクス・ウェルビーイングの向上は,生存率の増加と関連しています.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 主観的幸福 (SWB) は,健康と老化に重要な関連性を持つ評価的,快楽的,そしてユーデモン的側面を含んでいます.
- 世界的なSWBパターンは,異なる地域や年齢層にわたって著しい変動を示しています.
- 健康とSWBの双方向的な関係,特に高齢者の集団では,さらなる調査を正当化します.
研究 の 目的:
- 生涯を通じて主観的な幸福のパターンを分析する.
- 高齢者の福祉と生存率の異なる次元との関連性を調査する.
- 地域的,人口学的要因が年齢関連の幸福傾向に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 160カ国以上のギャラップ世界世論調査のデータを分析した.
- イングリッシュ・ロンジチュディナル・スタディ・オブ・エイジング (ELSA) のコホートに関する調査.
- 福祉の次元,生存データ,および人口統計/健康共変数の統計分析.
主要な成果:
- 評価的幸福度に関するU型の曲線は,高所得で英語を話す国で観察され,中年 (45-54歳) でピークに達しました.
- 東欧/旧ソビエト連邦の漸進的な衰退,ラテンアメリカの衰退,サハラ以南のアフリカの安定など,地域的に大きな違いがある.
- エウデモン状態の幸福度は,高齢者の生存率の増加と有意に関連しており,最も低い四分位数では死亡率が29.3%で,最も高い四分位数では8.5年間で死亡率が9.3%であった.
結論:
- 高齢者の主観的な幸福度は,経済政策と健康政策の重要な考慮事項である.
- 現在の心理学的,経済的理論は,生涯にわたる幸福の多様なグローバルなパターンを不十分に説明している.
- 高い幸福度の生存に対する保護的役割が示唆されているが,因果関係を確認するためにさらなる研究が必要である.
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