高齢者の健康,機能,障害―現在の状態と将来の影響
Somnath Chatterji1, Julie Byles2, David Cutler3
1Surveys, Measurement, and Analysis, Health Statistics and Information Systems, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
まとめ
老化の世界的な傾向は,様々な証拠を示しています. いくつかの研究では,罹病率の圧縮が示唆されているが,他の研究では,特に高齢者の慢性疾患に関する拡大が示唆されている.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 老化は,時間とともに高齢者の健康状態に影響を与えるダイナミックなプロセスです.
- 60歳以上の人々の罹病率と死亡率の世界的傾向は,調査を必要とする.
- これらの傾向を理解することは,医療計画と経済的影響において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 過去20年間にわたり,高齢者の罹病率と死亡率の世界的傾向を調査する.
- 世界中で加齢のパターンを特定し,それに関連した健康上の結果.
- 異なる罹病率の測定値の比較性と,その傾向分析への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 高齢者の罹病率と死亡率の報告された傾向のレビュー.
- 病率圧縮の証拠を示す4つの特定の研究タイプの分析.
- 縦断的な老化調査から得られたデータの二次分析.
- 慢性疾患の流行傾向の検討.
主要な成果:
- 障害の測定を用いた高所得国からの高品質の縦断研究で発見された病率の圧縮の証拠.
- 罹病率の拡大に関する対照的な証拠が観察されました,特に慢性疾患の流行率を研究する際に.
- 機能的制限のパターンは,国によって,また国内で大きく異なっており,明確な説明がない.
- 低所得国における高齢者の健康に関するデータは特に乏しい.
結論:
- 世界的な高齢化傾向は複雑で,罹病率の縮小と拡大の両方が見られる.
- 低所得国からのデータを収集し,健康/機能の測定を洗練するために,さらなる研究が緊急に必要とされています.
- 高齢者の健康,機能,および障害に関する標準化された測定法を開発することは,正確なグローバルな比較と効果的なヘルスケア戦略のために不可欠です.
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