人口の高齢化によるマクロ経済的な影響と,選択された政策対応
David E Bloom1, Somnath Chatterji2, Paul Kowal2
1Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
まとめ
世界の人口の高齢化は加速しており,60歳以上の人口は2060年までに3倍に増加すると見込まれています. この人口動態の変化は,経済的および医療上の大きな課題を提示しており,高齢者を確保するために政策と社会的適応が必要である.
科学分野:
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 経済学 経済学
背景:
- 世界の人口の高齢化は前例のない加速する傾向であり,60歳以上の人口の割合は2030年以降に大幅に増加すると予測されています.
- 高齢期に入っているコホートは一般的により健康的ですが,平均寿命で測定される人口の健康における大きな格差は,世界的に持続しています.
- 高齢者の数の増加により,より大きな健康と長期的なケアが必要になり,家族,社会,年金制度に経済的課題をもたらしています.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界の人口の高齢化に向けた深刻な人口動態の変化を強調する.
- 人口の高齢化によって引き起こされる経済および医療上の課題を強調する.
- 政策と社会の適応の必要性を強調し,高齢者のニーズに対応し,潜在的なマクロ経済上の困難を軽減する.
主な方法:
- 世界の人口動向と人口予測の分析.
- 平均寿命データを用いて健康格差の調査.
- 人口の高齢化が医療,年金,労働力参加に及ぼす経済的影響を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 60歳以上の人口の割合は,2060年までに世界の10%から22%に増加し,8億人から20億人に増加します.
- 生まれた時の平均寿命 (36年差) と60歳 (15年差) において,世界的な格差は大きい.
- 人口の高齢化は,年金制度を圧迫し,医療費を増加させ,積極的に管理しなければ,潜在的に経済的負担を生み出します.
結論:
- 人口の高齢化は,世界中の経済や保健システムに重大な課題をもたらしています.
- 医療制度は,高齢者のニーズに重きを置き,病気の予防と長期ケアを重視する方向転換を必要としています.
- 積極的な政策対応と個人/企業の適応は,人口高齢化がもたらす経済的,社会的影響を回避するために極めて重要です.
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