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関連する概念動画

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

1.3K
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

3.6K
The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
3.6K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

10.6K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
10.6K
Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

5.2K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
5.2K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

3.0K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
3.0K
Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

Protein Transport to the Thylakoids

3.2K
Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron transport proteins and is enclosed by a thylakoid membrane rich in the light-harvesting complex. Proteins targeted to the thylakoids are transported as precursors and are sorted by the general TOC/TIC import pathway. Once the precursor reaches the stroma, stromal processing peptidases remove their transit signal and expose thylakoid signal...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

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1原子厚さの結晶を通して陽子輸送.

S Hu1, M Lozada-Hidalgo2, F C Wang3

  • 11] School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK [2] Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Nature
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

グラフェンや六角性ボロン窒化物 (hBN) のような原子的に薄い膜は,熱プロトンに対する高透過性を示し,新しい水素ベースの技術を可能にします. しかし,より厚い結晶層は陽子輸送を遮断し,単原子厚さの材料のユニークな性質を強調しています.

さらに関連する動画

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
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Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy

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High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis
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High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

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Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
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Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy

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High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis
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High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー ナノテクノロジー
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景:

  • グラフェンと六角性ボロン窒化物 (hBN) は,原子的に薄い材料で,高度な分離技術の可能性があります.
  • 完璧なグラフェン単層は,通常,環境条件下で原子や分子に浸透しない.
  • このような薄い物質を通過するプロトンの輸送は予想外であり,調査を正当化します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 原子的に薄い結晶膜,特にグラフェンとhBNのプロトン透過性を調査する.
  • 単層構造と多層構造における陽子輸送を比較する.
  • 温度やナノ粒子の装飾など,陽子の伝導性に影響する要因を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 輸送測定 輸送測定
  • 質量スペクトロスコピーは,質量スペクトロスコピーを用いたものです.
  • 陽子の伝導性と抵抗性の測定
  • アクティベーションエネルギーの決定

主要な成果:

  • グラフェンとhBNの単層は,より厚い結晶層とは異なり,熱プロトンに対する高透過性を示す.
  • モノレイヤ hBN は,低活性化エネルギーで,室温プロトン伝導率が最も高いことを示しています.
  • グラフェンの陽子抵抗性は,より高い温度 (>250°C) で著しく低下する.
  • 触媒性金属ナノ粒子は,これらの膜を通して陽子輸送を強化します.

結論:

  • 原子的に薄いグラフェンとhBNは,陽子に対する高伝導性であり,その不透性に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
  • これらの材料は,選択的な陽子伝導性と安定性があるため,水素ベースの技術への応用に大きな可能性を秘めています.
  • これらの二次元材料における陽子輸送機構に関するさらなる研究が必要である.