南極の水域の多年期の温暖化

Sunke Schmidtko¹, Karen J Heywood², Andrew F Thompson³

¹Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 24, 24105 Kiel, Germany. sschmidtko@geomar.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 6, 2014

まとめ

南極海の海底近くの温暖化は,氷床の融解を増加させている. 温暖で塩分が高い中深層の水は,南極大陸棚に到達しており,海洋氷の相互作用に大きな変化をもたらしています.

科学分野:

海洋学海洋学とは
気候科学気候科学
氷河学氷河学とは

背景:

南極大陸の海水特性とその駆動メカニズムに関する数十年にわたる傾向は不明である.
南極の氷床の質量減少は,主に氷床の基礎層の融解によるもので,海洋と氷の相互作用の影響を受けています.
南極大陸棚底水 (ASBW) 温度は,氷棚の基礎融解と相関しています.

研究の目的:

南極大陸棚と斜面の温度,塩分,核心の深さの長期的,大規模トレンドを記録する.
南極海の海水特性における観測された変化の背後にあるメカニズムを調査する.

主な方法:

海水の温度,塩分,深さにおける10年間の傾向の空間的分布の分析.
海底の温暖化と中深水の性質の変化と氷床の融解の相関.

主要な成果:

ベリングハウゼン海とアムンセン海で観測された海底の温暖化.
大陸の斜面の真ん中深さの温度最大値の熱含有量増加と群集が確認されました.
温暖で塩分が高い水は,南極大陸棚へのアクセスを拡大しています.

結論:

ASBWの温暖化を経験している地域は,氷床の融解の増加と相関しています.
海洋循環と熱含有量の変化は,南極大陸棚へのより暖かい水のアクセスを促進しています.
これらの海洋氷の相互作用を理解することは,将来の南極の氷床の質量損失を予測するために不可欠です.

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