鳥類の分類における性染色体の複雑な進化軌跡
Qi Zhou1, Jilin Zhang2, Doris Bachtrog3
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn.
まとめ
鳥の性染色体は様々な変性を示しており,多くのW染色体は鶏の染色体よりも劣化が少ない. これは,鳥の性染色体差異化と遺伝子喪失の複雑な進化史を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 比較ゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 性別固有の染色体 (雌の鳥のW,雄の哺乳類のY) は,通常,抑制された再結合により遺伝子を失います.
- W染色体退廃の程度は,種によって大きく異なります.
研究 の 目的:
- 鳥類の性染色体進化の多様性を研究するために,幅広い系統遺伝的範囲で.
- 鳥のZ染色体とW染色体の遺伝子喪失と分化パターンを理解する.
主な方法:
- 17種の多様な鳥類から新たに入手可能なゲノムの分析.
- ZとW染色体構造の比較ゲノム分析,擬自体領域と遺伝子含有量を含む.
- 進化の層と再結合抑制イベントの識別.
主要な成果:
- 研究した鳥類の半分以上は,鶏と比べて,劣化したW染色体が少ない.
- 鳥の性染色体構成とZ/Wの差異化において,種間多様性が顕著である.
- 断続的な再結合抑制イベントの証拠は,DMRT1.1から始まり,Z染色体上の進化的層を作成しています.
- W-リンクされた遺伝子は,再結合の停止後に進行的な機能的衰退を経験し,古い進化的層ではより遅い変性が生じます.
結論:
- 鳥類の性染色体進化は,驚くべき多様性と複合的な再結合抑制と遺伝子変性の歴史によって特徴付けられています.
- W染色体変性モデルは,すべての鳥種に均一ではないため,鶏肉に基づく以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
関連する概念動画
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
10.2K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
10.2K
X and Y Chromosomes
32.6K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
32.6K
Synteny and Evolution
4.1K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
4.1K
Genetics of Speciation
23.5K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
23.5K
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
9.0K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
9.0K
Convergent Evolution
34.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
34.9K


