プレキャンブリア大陸石層が世界のH2生産に与える貢献
Barbara Sherwood Lollar1, T C Onstott2, G Lacrampe-Couloume1
1Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell Street, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B1, Canada.
Nature
|December 19, 2014
まとめ
プレカンブリア時代の岩石からの世界的な水素ガス (H2) 生産は著しく過小評価されています. 新しいデータは,海洋システムに匹敵するH2生産率を明らかにし,地下微生物生態系に関する私たちの理解に影響を与えています.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 地下科学は,地表科学である.
背景:
- 微生物の生態系は,水と岩の相互作用による水素ガス (H2) に依存しています.
- 海洋石層のH2生産量は,年間10~11モールと推定されています.
- プレカンブリア時代以前の地表のH2レベルは,水の放射分解に関連した,水熱噴出孔と競合する.
研究 の 目的:
- プレキャンブリア大陸石層のH2生産可能性を再評価する.
- これらの環境からのH2流の過小評価に対処するために.
- 海洋システムと大陸石層のH2生産を比較する.
主な方法:
- プレカンブリア紀の岩石からの H2 濃度に関する公表されたデータと新しいデータのグローバル・コンパイル.
- 蛇形化と放射分解によるH2生成を含みます.
- プレカンブリア時代の地殻表面積を考慮したH2測定のスケーリング.
主要な成果:
- プレカンブリア紀以前の大陸の石層のH2生産の可能性は過小評価されています.
- H2の生産率は0.362.27 × 10(11) モール/年と推定されています.
- この割合は,海洋システムにおけるH2生成に匹敵する.
結論:
- プレカンブリア紀前大陸の石層におけるH2の生産は著しい.
- 放射溶解と水分化反応は,H2の主要な供給源である.
- 地下微生物生態系は,これまで考えられていたよりも広く存在している可能性があります.
さらに関連する動画
11:38Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
Published on: December 3, 2019
8.3K
14:11Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Published on: March 29, 2016
27.9K
関連する概念動画
Origin of Photosynthesis
85
Photosynthesis represents a fundamental biological process that transformed Earth's atmosphere and paved the way for complex life. Emerging roughly 3.4–3.8 billion years ago, the earliest photosynthetic organisms harnessed light energy to produce organic compounds. These anoxygenic phototrophs used electron donors like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), rather than water, and did not release molecular oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct. Various groups, including...
85
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
15.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
15.3K
Origin of Cellular Life
97
The origin of life on Earth is a complex and enigmatic event rooted in ancient biochemical processes and geological conditions. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that life began with the spontaneous formation of organic molecules such as RNA nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids under early Earth conditions. Factors like volcanic activity, intense UV radiation, and a reducing atmosphere without free oxygen likely facilitated these reactions. Hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor are...
97
The Sulfur Cycle
53.6K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
53.6K
Hydrogen Bonds
136.6K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
136.6K
Hydrogen Bonds
16.6K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
16.6K
