蛇の体形態の進化は,胎児のホックス遺伝子機能のホモプラシーを明らかにする
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Nebraska State Museum of Natural History, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0340, USA.
Nature
|December 25, 2014
まとめ
ホックス遺伝子は,ヘビの進化において機能を変化させない. 代わりに,ヘビのボディプランは,遺伝子発現のタイミングが変化し,ソミット数が増加したからであり,骨格の地域化の喪失から生じます.
科学分野:
- 進化的発達生物学 進化的発達生物学
- 比較骨科は比較骨科である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ホックス遺伝子は,脊椎動物の軸性骨格の地域化に極めて重要です.
- ヘビの進化は,しばしばホックス遺伝子発現の変化と骨格の地域化に関連している.
- 以前のモデルでは,ヘビの祖先が高度に地域化されたと考えられていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 伸長型,四肢が縮小されたトカゲやヘビにおけるクローアカル前軸性骨格脱地域化の範囲を分析する.
- ヘビのような体の形態の進化におけるホックス遺伝子機能の役割を調査する.
- 蛇の骨格形態が地域化の喪失を支えているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 骨格の形状を分析するための幾何学的形状測定.
- 系統遺伝的構造を評価するための最大確率分析.
- 化石と現代のアムニオットの骨質学の比較とホックスの遺伝子発現データ.
主要な成果:
- 蛇や長方形ののプレクロアカル・プライマキシアル領域は,四肢類と比較して地域化されていない.
- 系統遺伝学的分析は,ヘビの進化における地域化の喪失を裏付けていない.
- 形状学的な境界線はホックス遺伝子発現領域と一致し,ヘビの機能的なホックスコードを示しています.
結論:
- 蛇のような体型は,前軸領域と後軸領域の分離によって進化し,ソミット数が増加した.
- ホックス遺伝子の機能の変化は,ヘビの骨格進化の主要な原動力ではない.
- アーコサウルスと哺乳類の骨格の地域化は独立して進化し,ヘビの祖先の条件を表していない.
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